PNF Training Effects on Jump and Balance in Basketball Players

January 11, 2026 updated by: Merve Keskin

Effects of Training With Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation on Vertical Jump Performance and Postural Stability in Male Basketball Players

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of PNF applications on vertical jump performance and postural control in male basketball players.

The hypotheses of this study are:

H1: PNF applications affect vertical jump performance in male basketball players.

H2: PNF applications have an effect on postural control in male basketball players.

H3: There is no difference between the PNF group and the control group in terms of the effect of PNF applications on vertical jump performance and postural control in male basketball players.

Participants will be included in a 6-week program based on the group they are assigned to in the randomization. Those in the exercise group will perform lower extremity PNF patterns 3 days a week for a total of approximately 20-30 minutes. No intervention will be performed on the control group. Participants' vertical jump performance and postural control will be assessed twice: before and after the intervention.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This study is planned as a randomized controlled trial. After obtaining ethical committee approval, the study will be conducted on male basketball players within one year. The population of the study consists of male basketball players. The sample of the study will consist of male professional basketball players aged 18-35 who volunteer to participate in the study. To calculate the sample size of the study, a study (14) using similar methods was considered, and based on the hypothesis that the difference between the two groups would have a medium effect size, a two-way variance analysis was performed using the G*Power Version 3.1.9.2 (Franz Faul, Universitat Kiel, Germany) program. The results indicate an effect size of f=0.41, replication = 2, number of groups = 2, correlation between repeated measures = 0.5, Type I error = 0.05, and statistical power = 0.99. This resulted in a sample size of at least 15 patients per group, totaling 30 patients. Participants will be divided into two groups using the block randomization method: the PNF group and the control group. Block randomization will be performed via https://www.sealedenvelope.com/simple-randomiser/v1/lists.

All participants' demographic information will be collected via a form. Participants will be included in a 6-week program based on the group they are assigned to in the randomization. If they are in the exercise group, they will perform lower extremity PNF patterns 3 days a week for a total of approximately 20-30 minutes. Rhythmic initiation and combined isotonic PNF techniques will be used during training. Two basic PNF techniques will be applied during the training process. Rhythmic initiation is performed by gradually and repeatedly performing the movement pattern using passive, active-assisted, and resistive movement phases to improve movement learning and coordination. Each phase of the movement pattern (passive, active-assisted, resistive) will be performed 3 times, for a total of 1 set. The goal of combined isotonic exercises is to increase muscle activation and improve neuromuscular control throughout the targeted lower extremity movement pattern. During the application, sequential manual resistance is applied at different stages of the movement, and all concentric, isometric, and eccentric contractions are performed in a single fluid movement. Resistance is applied in a controlled manner by the therapist at the beginning, middle, and end of the range of motion. Combined isotonic exercises will be performed with 6-10 repetitions and 3-4 sets, with 60 seconds of rest between sets, by sequentially and fluidly applying concentric-isometric-eccentric contractions under moderate manual resistance throughout the target pattern. All techniques will be applied bilaterally in a controlled, standardized manner appropriate to participant tolerance. No intervention will be applied to the control group. Participants' vertical jump performance and postural control will be assessed twice: before and after the intervention.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

30

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Aged 18-35,
  2. Licensed basketball players,
  3. Individuals willing to participate in the study will be included.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Individuals who have undergone any trauma/surgical procedure within the last 6 months,
  2. Individuals with any injury or health condition that could affect the results of the relevant assessments,
  3. Individuals with severe-to-moderate local and/or general musculoskeletal pain will not be included.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
Participants will be included in a 6-week program in which they will perform lower extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation patterns 3 days a week for a total of approximately 20-30 minutes.
Other: Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
During training, rhythmic initiation and combined isotonic PNF techniques will be applied. Rhythmic initiation will be performed through passive, active-assisted, and resistive phases to facilitate motor learning and coordination, with each phase repeated three times (one set). Combined isotonic exercises aim to enhance muscle activation and neuromuscular control by sequentially applying concentric, isometric, and eccentric contractions within a single continuous movement. Moderate manual resistance will be provided by the therapist at the beginning, middle, and end of the range of motion. Combined isotonic exercises will be performed bilaterally for 6-10 repetitions and 3-4 sets, with 60 seconds of rest between sets, in accordance with participant tolerance.
No Intervention: Control Group
No intervention will be performed on the control group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE
Time Frame: At baseline and from enrollment to the end of treatment at week 6.
In the vertical jump test, the difference between the height reached while standing and the height reached while jumping (m) will be taken, and anaerobic power data will be calculated from the Lewis Nomogram together with body weight (kilograms).
At baseline and from enrollment to the end of treatment at week 6.
POSTURAL CONTROL
Time Frame: At baseline and from enrollment to the end of treatment at week 6.
Postural control assessment will be performed statically and dynamically using the Biodex Balance System SD (Biodex Medical Systems, Inc., Shirley, NY).
At baseline and from enrollment to the end of treatment at week 6.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Merve Keskin

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

January 12, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

January 20, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

March 10, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 11, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 11, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 11, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 0762

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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