DOES LOWER BODY PLYOMETRICS CAUSE RHABDOMYOLYSIS IN FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS-AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

January 11, 2026 updated by: Mariam Elsayed Mohamed Abd Alaal, Cairo University

Effects of Lower Body Plyometric Training on Serum CPK and Creatinine Levels in Collegiate Female Volleyball Players: An Experimental Study

Eight-week interventional study to evaluate whether lower-body plyometric training alters serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatinine levels in female collegiate volleyball players. Sixty participants were randomized to experimental (plyometrics twice weekly) or control (routine volleyball) groups. Blood sampling occurred at baseline; days 2, 4, and 6; and weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Intervention adapted from James & Robert (2015). Experimental group completed progressive lower-body plyometrics twice weekly (Monday/Wednesday) over eight weeks with warm-up and cool-down. Exercises included squat jump; jump to box (30 cm); tuck jump; split squat jump; lateral hurdle jump (50 cm); zigzag jump; single-leg tuck jump; and depth jump (80 cm). Control group continued routine volleyball activities and did not perform low/medium/high-intensity plyometrics. Primary biomarker (serum CPK) assessed via CK-NAC optimized IFCC method; serum creatinine by modified Jaffe's method. Two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc used. Findings: CPK increased from day 2, peaked day 4, stabilized to week 2, then declined toward baseline by week 8; creatinine remained stable.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

60

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Active collegiate female volleyball players

  • consent to participate
  • no prior plyometric training program.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Neuromuscular impairments
  • recent injuries.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Lower-body plyometric training
Progressive plyometric program, twice weekly for eight weeks.
Other: plyometric program
Twice-weekly sessions (Mon/Wed) for 8 weeks; exercise menu and dosing per Table 1 (intensity, rest, and jumps/set).
Other Names:
  • Lower-body plyometric training
Active Comparator: Control
Routine volleyball practice; no plyometric exercises.
Other: plyometric program
Twice-weekly sessions (Mon/Wed) for 8 weeks; exercise menu and dosing per Table 1 (intensity, rest, and jumps/set).
Other Names:
  • Lower-body plyometric training

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Serum CPK (U/L)
Time Frame: Baseline; 2, 4, 6 days; 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks
change from baseline at day 2, day 4, week 1, week 2, week 4, week 6, week 8
Baseline; 2, 4, 6 days; 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
Time Frame: Baseline; 2, 4, 6 days; 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks
change from baseline over same time points
Baseline; 2, 4, 6 days; 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Cairo University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 12, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

May 15, 2022

Study Completion (Actual)

October 25, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 11, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 11, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 11, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • BMC VP

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared because this study does not include a data-sharing plan and is limited to internal analysis only.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Athletes

Clinical Trials on plyometric program

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Australia

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

Subscribe