Serum CPK and Creatinine Changes During Plyometric Training in Collegiate Athletes

Effects of Lower Body Plyometric Training on Serum Creatine Phosphokinase and Creatinine Levels in Male Collegiate Volleyball Players

This retrospective study evaluated the effects of an eight-week lower body plyometric training program on serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatinine levels in male collegiate volleyball players. Sixty two players were divided into experimental and control groups. CPK and creatinine were measured at baseline and multiple time points during training. The study assessed whether plyometric training produced harmful biochemical changes or signs of rhabdomyolysis.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Muscle Damage; Creatine Kinase; Exercise Physiology; Plyometric Exercises
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Lower Body Plyometric Training; Other: control group

Detailed Description

This study evaluated the physiological effects and safety of an eight-week lower body plyometric training program in male collegiate volleyball players, focusing on changes in serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and creatinine levels. Sixty two healthy athletes were randomly assigned to either a plyometric training group or a control group. The experimental group performed progressive lower body plyometric exercises twice weekly for eight weeks, while the control group continued regular volleyball training.

Serum CPK and creatinine were assessed at baseline and multiple time points throughout the intervention. CPK levels in the training group increased significantly early in the program, peaking on Day 4 and remaining elevated until Week 2, before returning to baseline by Week 8. Importantly, all values remained within normal clinical ranges, and no signs of rhabdomyolysis or overtraining were observed. Serum creatinine levels showed no significant changes, indicating preserved renal function. No biomarker changes were detected in the control group.

These findings indicate that an eight-week, progressively designed plyometric training program is safe and well tolerated in male collegiate volleyball players.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 62
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Saudi Arabia
  • Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
    • Batterjee Medical College

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• male collegiate volleyball players
• Age: 18-20 years
• No prior plyometric training

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of kidney disease
• Current musculoskeletal injury
• neuromuscular impairments

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control Group	Other: control group; Routine volleyball training only; no plyometric exercises.
Experimental: Lower Body Plyometric Training	Behavioral: Lower Body Plyometric Training; Training twice weekly for eight weeks, including low-, moderate-, and high-intensity plyometric exercises (squat jumps, box jumps, tuck jumps, split squat jumps, lateral hurdle jumps, zigzag jumps, single-leg tuck jumps, and depth jumps).; Other: control group; Routine volleyball training only; no plyometric exercises.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Serum Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) Levels	Change in serum CPK measured using the CK-NAC optimized IFCC method.	Baseline; Day 2; Day 4; Week 1; Week 2; Week 4; Week 6; Week 8

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Serum Creatinine Levels	Measured using modified Jaffe's method.	Baseline; Day 2; Day 4; Week 1; Week 2; Week 4; Week 6; Week 8

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Batterjee Medical College

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 13, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 10, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 28, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 11, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 11, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): January 21, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 22, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 21, 2026
• Last Verified: January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Serum Creatinine; Plyometric Training; Volleyball Players; Creatine Phosphokinase
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Investigative Techniques; Epidemiologic Research Design; Epidemiologic Methods; Research Design; Methods; Control Groups
• Other Study ID Numbers: BMC-CPK-Study-2023

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: IPD will not be shared because participant consent did not include permission for data sharing and the dataset contains sensitive physiological information.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No