Cyanoacrylate Versus Sutures for Free Gingival Graft Stabilization

January 14, 2026 updated by: Kübra Burcu Yıldırım, Yeditepe University

A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Cyanoacrylate and Sutures for Free Gingival Graft Stabilization

This randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of butyl-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive compared with conventional sutures for stabilization of free gingival grafts. Twenty-four patients with insufficient keratinized tissue were randomly assigned to either cyanoacrylate or suture stabilization following free gingival graft surgery. Clinical parameters, graft dimensional changes, patient-reported postoperative discomfort, and operative time were assessed over a 6-month follow-up period.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

24

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Adults aged 18 years or older
  • Presence of ≤1 mm of keratinized tissue and/or Miller Class I gingival recession ≤2 mm affecting one to four mandibular anterior teeth
  • Vital teeth in the surgical area
  • Good oral hygiene following initial periodontal therapy (full-mouth plaque score and full-mouth bleeding score ≤20%)
  • Ability to understand the study procedures and provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current smokers
  • Pregnancy or lactation
  • Use of systemic antibiotics within the previous 6 months
  • History of periodontal surgery in the study area
  • Ongoing orthodontic treatment
  • Systemic conditions that could affect periodontal healing

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Cyanoacrylate Stabilization Group
Free gingival grafts were stabilized using butyl-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive following standard free gingival graft surgery.
Procedure: Free Gingival Graft Stabilization With Butyl-Cyanoacrylate
Stabilization of free gingival grafts using butyl-cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive following standard free gingival graft surgery.
Active Comparator: Suture Stabilization Group
Free gingival grafts were stabilized using non-resorbable polypropylene sutures following standard free gingival graft surgery.
Procedure: Free Gingival Graft Stabilization With Sutures
Stabilization of free gingival grafts using non-resorbable polypropylene sutures following standard free gingival graft surgery.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Keratinized Tissue Width
Time Frame: Baseline and 6 months postoperatively
Change in keratinized tissue width measured at the surgical sites using a periodontal probe.
Baseline and 6 months postoperatively

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Total Graft Surface Area (TGSA)
Time Frame: Baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively
Changes in total graft surface area assessed using standardized clinical photographs and digital measurements.
Baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively
Vertical Graft Height (VGH)
Time Frame: Baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively
Changes in vertical graft height assessed using standardized clinical photographs and digital measurements.
Baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperatively
Probing Depth (PD)
Time Frame: Baseline and 6 months postoperatively
Changes in probing depth measured at the surgical sites using a periodontal probe.
Baseline and 6 months postoperatively
Vertical Recession (VR)
Time Frame: Baseline and 6 months postoperatively
Changes in vertical gingival recession measured at the surgical sites using a periodontal probe.
Baseline and 6 months postoperatively
Full-Mouth Plaque Score (FMPS)
Time Frame: Baseline and 6 months postoperatively
Changes in full-mouth plaque score assessed to evaluate oral hygiene status.
Baseline and 6 months postoperatively
Full-Mouth Bleeding Score (FMBS)
Time Frame: Baseline and 6 months postoperatively
Changes in full-mouth bleeding score assessed to evaluate periodontal inflammation.
Baseline and 6 months postoperatively
Postoperative Pain and Discomfort
Time Frame: Day 0 to Day 6 postoperatively
Patient-reported postoperative pain and discomfort assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS).
Day 0 to Day 6 postoperatively
Operative Time
Time Frame: During the surgical procedure
Duration of the surgical procedure measured from the initial incision to completion of graft stabilization.
During the surgical procedure

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Yeditepe University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 1, 2019

Primary Completion (Actual)

August 1, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

August 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 14, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 14, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 22, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 22, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 14, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • YEDITEPE-FGG-2019-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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