Comparison of One-Step and Two-Step Light Curing of Bonding Agents and Composite in Orthodontics (1STEP-2STEP-LC)

March 19, 2026 updated by: Dr Natasha Khalily, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University

Effectiveness of One-Step Versus Two-Step Light Curing of Bonding Agent and Composite in Orthodontic Bracket Bonding: Study Design: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Study Type: Interventional Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Intervention Model Description: Participants Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment Will be Randomly Assigned Into Two Groups. One Group Will Receive One-step Light Curing of Bonding Agent and Composite Simultaneously, While the Other Group Will Receive Two-step Curing Where the Bonding Agent is Cured First Followed by Curing of the Composite. Maskin

Effectiveness of One-Step Versus Two-Step Light Curing of Bonding Agent and Composite in Orthodontic Bracket Bonding:

Study Design: A Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Study Type: Interventional Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Intervention Model Description: Participants undergoing orthodontic treatment will be randomly assigned to two groups. One group will receive one-step (1-step) light curing of the bonding agent and composite simultaneously, and the other group will receive two-step (2-step) curing, in which the bonding agent is cured first, followed by curing of the composite.

Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor) Masking Description: The evaluator assessing outcomes, including bond failure or adhesive remnant index (ARI), will be blinded to the intervention group to minimise assessment bias.

Primary Purpose: Treatment Arms and Interventions: Experimental Group Two-Step Light Curing Description: During orthodontic bracket bonding, the bonding agent and composite will be cured simultaneously using a light-curing unit according to the manufacturer's recommended curing time.

Intervention Type: Procedure Intervention Name: One-Step Light Curing Technique Active Comparator Group: Two-Step Light Curing Description: During orthodontic bracket bonding, the bonding agent will be cured first, followed by curing of the composite separately using a light-curing unit according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Outcome Measures Primary Outcome Measure: Bond Failure Rate of Orthodontic Brackets Description: The number of bracket failures observed during the study period will be recorded to assess the effectiveness of the curing technique.

Time Frame: During the follow-up period of 6 months after bonding Secondary Outcome Measures: Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) Score Description: ARI scores will be evaluated after bracket debonding to determine the amount of adhesive remaining on the tooth surface and to assess bonding characteristics.

Time Frame: At the time of bracket debonding. Inclusion Criteria: Patients requiring fixed orthodontic treatment with Permanent dentition present, willing to participate and provide informed consent, and good oral hygiene Exclusion Criteria: Patients with enamel defects or dental fluorosis, Systemic diseases affecting oral health, and Patients with poor oral hygiene

Brief Summary This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of one-step versus two-step light-curing techniques used during orthodontic bracket bonding. Adequate polymerization of the bonding agent and composite is essential to achieve optimal bond strength and reduce bracket failure. Participants requiring fixed orthodontic treatment will be randomly allocated into two groups. One group will receive simultaneous curing of the bonding agent and composite (one-step curing), and the other group will receive sequential curing of the bonding agent followed by the composite (two-step curing). The outcomes will be assessed by evaluating bond effectiveness and related clinical parameters. Successful orthodontic treatment depends greatly on the strength and durability of bracket bonding. Proper polymerization of bonding agents and composite resins is critical to ensure adequate adhesion between the bracket and tooth surface. Different light-curing techniques are used in clinical practice, including one-step curing in which both the bonding agent and composite are cured simultaneously, and two-step curing, where the bonding agent is cured first, followed by the composite.

Although both techniques are commonly used, there is limited clinical evidence comparing their effectiveness during orthodontic bracket bonding. Inadequate curing may compromise bond strength and increase bracket failure rates, leading to prolonged treatment time and additional clinical procedures.

This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effectiveness of one-step and two-step light-curing techniques during orthodontic bracket bonding. Participants undergoing orthodontic treatment will be randomly assigned to one of the two intervention groups. Standardized bonding procedures will be followed to ensure consistency.

The outcomes of the study will help determine whether curing both materials simultaneously or sequentially results in better clinical performance. The findings may contribute to improving bonding protocols and enhancing the efficiency and reliability of orthodontic treatment.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Think of fixing a tooth like painting a wall. You can't just slap the final colour (the paint) onto bare drywall. First, you need a coat of primer to help the paint stick. In dentistry, the paint is a tooth-coloured material called composite. The primer is a liquid called a bonding agent. This bonding agent is what makes the composite stick tightly to your tooth. To make these materials hard, the dentist uses a special bright light. This process is called light curing.

This research title is trying to find the best way to use that light. The One-Step Method: The dentist applies the bonding agent (the primer) and immediately cures it with light to harden it. Then, they put the composite on top and cure the light again to harden it.

The Two-Step Method: This means the dentist applies the bonding agent, waits for a while (a few seconds) before curing the light on it. After that's hard, they still add the composite and cure the light again.

So, the study asks: Does allowing the bonding agent to sit on the tooth for a moment before curing with light improve the adhesion and longevity of the final filling? By comparing the effectiveness of these two methods, the researchers are checking which one creates a stronger, tighter seal. A better seal means the filling is less likely to leak, break, or fall out later. In simple terms, we are figuring out the best recipe for making a filling that lasts.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

64

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Pakistan
    • Capital Teritory
      • Islamabad, Capital Teritory, Pakistan, 44000
        • 4th floor Orthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Sector G-8/3 Islamabad Pakistan

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • participants who requires orthodontic treatment with complete dentition

Exclusion Criteria:

  • syndromic and cleft lip and palate patients

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: One-Step light curing bonding agent and composite
it's a control group
Procedure: One step light curing of bonding agent and composite
it is a control group which follows regular step done by orthodontists in routine bases
Experimental: Two-step light curing of bonding agent and composite
it is an experimental group contain
Procedure: Two step light curing of bonding agent and composite
it is an experimental group where bonding agent is cured before application of composite. an additional step is added to the procedure which is normally not followed by orthodontists

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Number of bracket failures (debonded brackets) during orthodontic treatment"
Time Frame: 6 months
Number of bracket failures during orthodontic treatment Time Frame: 6 months
6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Natasha Khalily, Bachelor of Dental Surgery

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

May 4, 2022

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 15, 2024

Study Completion (Actual)

September 12, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 16, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 19, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

March 24, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 19, 2026

Last Verified

March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • NatashaK-Thesis-RCT-Ortho-2026

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

Yes, individual participant data will be shared. De-identified data, including participants' treatment details, outcomes, and measurements, will be available.

Data will be shared after publication of the main study results, for a period of 3 years.

Data will be shared upon reasonable request to researchers who provide a scientifically sound proposal and agree to use the data for research purposes only.

Requests should be directed to the Overall Study Official at natashakhalily@gmail.com

IPD Sharing Time Frame

it will be shared after publication of the main study results, for a period of 3 years

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

Researchers with approved proposals can get data of de-identified participant-level data (treatment outcomes, clinical measurements) will secure transfer after request and approval via email mentioned above

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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