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Using Bilateral Stimulation (A Pre-existing Trauma Technique) After Eating to Reduce Anxiety in People Recovering From Eating Disorders

21. maj 2026 opdateret af: San Francisco State University

Bilateral Stimulation Versus Standard Care in the Treatment of Food Anxiety in Eating Disorder Patients: A Pilot Study

The goal of this clinical trial was to evaluate whether bilateral stimulation (BLS) could reduce anxiety and emotional distress after eating in people recovering from eating disorders in outpatient treatment with the primary researcher.

The main question it aimed to answer were:

Did bilateral stimulation reduce anxiety, depression, and/or eating disorder thoughts when used after eating a fear food?

Researchers compared participants who received standard treatment alone to those who received standard treatment plus bilateral stimulation after meals to determine whether BLS reduced emotional distress and negative thoughts related to eating.

Participants:

  • Completed surveys assessing anxiety, depression, and eating disorder symptoms at the beginning and end of 4 consecutive sessions (4-12 weeks in total depending on the frequency of client appointments).
  • Chose to participate in either a standard treatment group or an intervention group

Participants in the intervention group also:

  • Ate 1 meal per week before or during session, including a "fear food" (defined as food avoided out of fear of what might happen, i.e., weight gain, vomiting, guilt/shame).
  • Completed brief questionnaires about their thoughts and feelings after eating
  • Participated in 3-5 minutes of bilateral stimulation (side-to-side tapping) guided by the researcher
  • Reported on changes in their thoughts and emotions following the intervention

The intervention was delivered over 4 consecutive sessions alongside standard treatment.

Studieoversigt

Status

Afsluttet

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Faktiske)

8

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiesteder

  • Forenede Stater
    • California
      • San Francisco, California, Forenede Stater, 94132
        • San Francisco State University

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ingen

Beskrivelse

Inclusion Criteria:

  • (1) aged older than 18 years;
  • (2) had a current DSM-5 diagnosis of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or other specified feeding and eating disorder;
  • (3) were deemed to be medically stable, defined as not requiring the use of a feeding tube; had a heart rate between 51-119 beats per minute at rest and blood pressure greater than 70/40 and less than 180/120 mmHg at rest;
  • (4) attending appointments at will;
  • (5) gave full consent (signed informed consent); and
  • (6) could choose to discontinue treatment and/or the study at any time with no consequences.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • (1) aged under 18 years;
  • (2) had a current DSM-5 diagnosis of Pica syndrome, cyclical vomiting syndrome, or subclinical eating disorder;
  • (3) had medical instability, defined as a heart rate less than 50 or more than 120 beats per minute at rest, a blood pressure greater than 180/120 or less than 70/40 mmHg at rest, or orthostatic vital signs accompanied by fainting; and
  • (4) had acute suicide risk.

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Behandling
  • Tildeling: Ikke-randomiseret
  • Interventionel model: Parallel tildeling
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Ingen indgriben: Standard Outpatient Eating Disorder Treatment (ST)
Eksperimentel: Standard Outpatient Eating Disorder Treatment plus Bilateral Stimulation (ST+BLS)
Adfærdsmæssigt: Bilateral Stimulation
Participants in the intervention group (ST+BLS) completed 4 consecutive sessions. In each session, participants ate a meal or snack, including a self-identified "fear food." After eating, they completed a brief questionnaire assessing thoughts, emotions, and eating disorder urges, and identified preferred thoughts and feelings. The researcher guided the BLS protocol and provided structured prompts, while participants actively performed the bilateral stimulation by engaging in alternating side-to-side tapping (e.g., shoulders, thighs, or feet), selecting the method most comfortable to them. Participants completed three 20-second rounds of tapping while focusing sequentially on: (1) their experience of the meal, (2) desired thoughts, and (3) desired emotional states. Brief discussions occurred between rounds. After BLS, participants completed a follow-up questionnaire assessing changes in thoughts and feelings. The researcher also completed a clinician-rated form.
Andre navne:
  • BLS

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change From Pre- to Post-Bilateral Stimulation in Self-Reported Anxious Mood After Eating in the Standard Treatment Plus BLS Group Across 4 Sessions
Tidsramme: Across 4 consecutive sessions, completed over 4-12 weeks.
Anxious mood was assessed immediately before and after bilateral stimulation following eating episodes in the ST+BLS group. Participants rated anxious mood on a researcher-developed 1-10 numeric rating scale, where 1 indicated "not at all anxious" and 10 indicated "extremely anxious." Anxious mood was defined as worries, anticipation of the worst, fearful anticipation, or irritability. Higher scores indicated greater anxious mood.
Across 4 consecutive sessions, completed over 4-12 weeks.
Change From Pre- to Post-Bilateral Stimulation in Self-Reported Depressed Mood After Eating in the Standard Treatment Plus BLS Group Across 4 Sessions
Tidsramme: Across 4 consecutive sessions, completed over 4-12 weeks.
Depressed mood was assessed immediately before and after bilateral stimulation following eating episodes in the ST+BLS group. Participants rated depressed mood on a researcher-developed 1-10 numeric rating scale, where 1 indicated "not at all depressed" and 10 indicated "extremely depressed." Depressed mood was defined as numb, dissociative, shut down, hopeless, lack of pleasure, or depressed. Higher scores indicated greater depressed mood.
Across 4 consecutive sessions, completed over 4-12 weeks.

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change From Baseline to End of Treatment in State Anxiety as Assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Standard Treatment Versus Standard Treatment Plus BLS
Tidsramme: Baseline to end of treatment, 4-12 weeks.
State anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at baseline and end of treatment. Scores ranged from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety/worse outcome. Change scores were compared descriptively between the standard treatment group and the standard treatment plus BLS group.
Baseline to end of treatment, 4-12 weeks.
Change From Baseline to End of Treatment in Trait Anxiety as Assessed by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Standard Treatment Versus Standard Treatment Plus BLS
Tidsramme: Baseline to end of treatment, 4-12 weeks.
Trait anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at baseline and end of treatment. Scores ranged from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating greater anxiety/worse outcome. Change scores were compared descriptively between the standard treatment group and the standard treatment plus BLS group.
Baseline to end of treatment, 4-12 weeks.
Change From Baseline to End of Treatment in Depressive Symptoms as Assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory-II in Standard Treatment Versus Standard Treatment Plus BLS
Tidsramme: Baseline to end of treatment, 4-12 weeks.
Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) at baseline and end of treatment. Scores ranged from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater depressive symptoms/worse outcome. Change scores were compared descriptively between the standard treatment group and the standard treatment plus BLS group.
Baseline to end of treatment, 4-12 weeks.
Change From Baseline to End of Treatment in Eating Disorder Symptoms as Assessed by the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Short in Standard Treatment Versus Standard Treatment Plus BLS
Tidsramme: Baseline to end of treatment, 4-12 weeks.
Eating disorder symptoms were assessed using the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire-Short (EDE-QS) at baseline and end of treatment. Scores ranged from 0 to 36, with higher scores indicating greater eating disorder symptoms/worse outcome. Change scores were compared descriptively between the standard treatment group and the standard treatment plus BLS group.
Baseline to end of treatment, 4-12 weeks.

Andre resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Change From Baseline to End of Treatment in Body Weight (4-12 Weeks)
Tidsramme: 4-12 weeks
Body weight (measured in kilograms) was planned to be assessed using blind weight measurements or weights obtained during clinical appointments. Due to the short study duration and logistical barriers, insufficient data were available for analysis.
4-12 weeks
Change From Baseline to End of Treatment in Laboratory Values Related to Nutritional Status (4-12 Weeks)
Tidsramme: 4-12 weeks
Laboratory values, including metabolic and hematologic measures related to nutritional status (measured in grams or milligrams per deciliter), were planned to be collected through standard blood draws ordered by licensed medical providers. Due to the short study duration and logistical barriers, insufficient data were available for analysis.
4-12 weeks
Change From Baseline to End of Treatment in Heart Rate (4-12 Weeks)
Tidsramme: 4-12 weeks
Heart rate (measured in beats per minute) was planned to be assessed during clinical appointments or via supervised home monitoring. Due to the short study duration and logistical barriers, insufficient data were available for analysis.
4-12 weeks
Change From Baseline to End of Treatment in Blood Pressure (4-12 Weeks)
Tidsramme: 4-12 weeks
Blood pressure (measured in millimeters mercury for blood pressure) was planned to be assessed during clinical appointments or via supervised home monitoring. Due to the short study duration and logistical barriers, insufficient data were available for analysis.
4-12 weeks

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

San Francisco State University

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Faktiske)

30. maj 2023

Primær færdiggørelse (Faktiske)

16. oktober 2023

Studieafslutning (Faktiske)

8. december 2023

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

1. maj 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

14. maj 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

22. maj 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

27. maj 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

21. maj 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. maj 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Yderligere relevante MeSH-vilkår

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 2022-258

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

JA

IPD-planbeskrivelse

All collected IPD can be shared upon reasonable request in accordance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA)

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