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Self-Directed Learning for Pulmonary Ultrasound Education

29. Juni 2026 aktualisiert von: Samuel Agostino, University of Turin, Italy

"Scaling Up Ultrasound Education Without Scaling Up Tutors: A Randomized Controlled Equivalence Trial of Self-Directed Learning for Pulmonary Pathology Recognition"

This study compared two ways of teaching medical students how to recognize lung conditions using ultrasound images.

All participants were third-year medical students taking part in a structured ultrasound training session at the University of Turin. Students were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group learned lung ultrasound pathology recognition with direct guidance from a tutor. The other group used a self-directed digital learning tool called MEDQUIZ, which allowed students to review clinical cases and ultrasound videos independently.

The main goal of the study was to determine whether self-directed learning was equivalent to tutor-guided instruction for recognizing pulmonary ultrasound findings. Students completed ultrasound image-based assessments before and after the training. The assessments evaluated their ability to recognize anatomical structures, distinguish normal from abnormal findings, and identify specific lung conditions such as pneumonia, pleural effusion, interstitial syndrome, and pneumothorax.

The study also evaluated student satisfaction with the learning experience.

Studienübersicht

Status

Abgeschlossen

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

This was a single-center, randomized, controlled equivalence trial conducted at the SimTO Advanced Medical Simulation Center, University of Turin, Italy. The study included third-year medical students enrolled in the curricular "Approach to Ultrasound" internship.

Before the in-person training session, all students completed online instructional materials on thoracic and abdominal ultrasound. During the internship, students participated in a structured two-hour ultrasound training session composed of four 30-minute stations. The stations included hands-on scanning of healthy volunteers and case-based pathology recognition activities.

At the thoracic pathology station, students were randomly assigned to either tutor-guided learning or self-directed learning. In the tutor-guided group, students worked through pulmonary ultrasound cases with direct supervision, clinical reasoning guidance, and feedback from a tutor. In the self-directed learning group, students used MEDQUIZ, a purpose-built digital learning tool that presented clinical cases, patient information, and lung ultrasound video clips in an interactive format.

The primary outcomes were based on pre-training and post-training assessments using ultrasound video cases. Students were assessed on three levels of competency: recognition of the anatomical structure shown in the ultrasound clip, classification of the finding as physiological or pathological, and identification of the specific pulmonary condition when a pathological finding was present. An overall case resolution score was also calculated.

Secondary outcomes included student satisfaction with the simulation-based learning experience, assessed at the end of the internship.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)

385

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienorte

  • Italien
    • Italy
      • Turin, Italy, Italien, 10126
        • Advanced Medical Simulation Center- SimTO, School of Medicine, Turin, Italy

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Kind
  • Erwachsene
  • Älterer Erwachsener

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Third-year medical students enrolled in the "Approach to Ultrasound" curricular internship at the University of Turin
  • Limited or no prior ultrasound experience
  • No previous formal specialized ultrasound training
  • Provision of informed consent for data collection

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Inability to attend the complete ultrasound training session and both assessment sessions
  • Physical or medical conditions limiting participation in hands-on ultrasound practice
  • Refusal to provide informed consent for data collection

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Sonstiges
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Single

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Aktiver Komparator: Tutor-Guided Learning
Participants assigned to this arm completed the thoracic pathology recognition station with direct tutor guidance. During the session, students reviewed pulmonary ultrasound cases through structured case-based learning, received real-time clinical reasoning guidance, and were provided with immediate corrective feedback by a trained tutor. All other components of the ultrasound internship were identical to those completed by the self-directed learning group.
Verhalten: Tutor-Guided Learning
Participants completed the thoracic pathology recognition station with direct tutor guidance. During the 30-minute station, students reviewed pulmonary ultrasound cases through structured case-based learning, received real-time clinical reasoning guidance, and were provided with immediate corrective feedback by a trained tutor.
Experimental: Self-Directed Learning
Participants assigned to this arm completed the thoracic pathology recognition station using MEDQUIZ, a purpose-built self-directed digital learning tool. Students independently reviewed clinical cases, patient information, and pulmonary ultrasound video clips without structured tutor guidance. The tool included learning materials that remained available during the session. All other components of the ultrasound internship were identical to those completed by the tutor-guided learning group.
Verhalten: Self-Directed Learning
Participants used MEDQUIZ, a purpose-built digital learning tool, to complete the thoracic pathology recognition station independently. The tool presented clinical cases, patient information, learning materials, and pulmonary ultrasound video clips. Students reviewed the cases and answered independently without structured tutor guidance during the 30-minute station.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Anatomical Structure Recognition Accuracy
Zeitfenster: Immediately before and immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session
Percentage of pulmonary ultrasound cases in which participants correctly identified the anatomical structure shown in the ultrasound video clip.
Immediately before and immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session
Physiological Versus Pathological Discrimination Accuracy
Zeitfenster: Immediately before and immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session
Percentage of pulmonary ultrasound cases in which participants correctly classified the ultrasound finding as physiological or pathological.
Immediately before and immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session
Pulmonary Pathology Identification Accuracy
Zeitfenster: Immediately before and immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session
Percentage of pathological pulmonary ultrasound cases in which participants correctly identified the specific pulmonary condition shown in the ultrasound video clip, including pneumonia or consolidation, interstitial syndrome, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax.
Immediately before and immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session
Overall Pulmonary Ultrasound Case Resolution Score
Zeitfenster: Immediately before and immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session
Percentage of pulmonary ultrasound cases correctly resolved with the maximum score. A case was considered correctly resolved when the participant correctly identified the anatomical structure, correctly classified the finding as physiological or pathological, and, where applicable, correctly identified the specific pulmonary pathology.
Immediately before and immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Student Satisfaction With the Simulation Experience
Zeitfenster: Immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session
Student satisfaction with the ultrasound training experience will be assessed after the session using the Italian version of the Satisfaction with Simulation Experience scale. This scale includes 18 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale, from 1 to 5. The total score ranges from 18 to 90, with higher scores indicating greater satisfaction with the simulation-based learning experience. Three subscale scores will also be calculated: Debriefing and Reflection, ranging from 9 to 45; Clinical Reasoning, ranging from 5 to 25; and Clinical Learning, ranging from 4 to 20. For all subscales, higher scores indicate a better outcome, corresponding to greater satisfaction in the specific domain.
Immediately after the 3-hour ultrasound training session

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

University of Turin, Italy

Ermittler

  • Studienleiter: Alberto Milan, PhD, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

3. März 2026

Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)

30. April 2026

Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)

30. April 2026

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

23. Juni 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

29. Juni 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

1. Juli 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

1. Juli 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

29. Juni 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Juni 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Schlüsselwörter

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • 219865

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

Planen Sie, individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD) zu teilen?

NEIN

Beschreibung des IPD-Plans

Individual participant data will not be made publicly available. Access to de-identified data may be considered only in the context of a formal scientific collaboration and after approval by the relevant institutional and ethics committee authorities, in accordance with applicable regulations.

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

Diese Informationen wurden ohne Änderungen direkt von der Website clinicaltrials.gov abgerufen. Wenn Sie Ihre Studiendaten ändern, entfernen oder aktualisieren möchten, wenden Sie sich bitte an register@clinicaltrials.gov. Sobald eine Änderung auf clinicaltrials.gov implementiert wird, wird diese automatisch auch auf unserer Website aktualisiert .

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