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Comparative Analysis of Dry Needling Techniques for Orofacial Myofascial Pain

9. Juli 2026 aktualisiert von: Flávio Magno Gonçalves

Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness and Comfort of Different Dry Needling Techniques in the Treatment of Orofacial Myofascial Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

This study aims to compare the clinical effectiveness and individual comfort of three distinct dry needling techniques (dynamic, static, and hybrid) for managing orofacial myofascial pain. Myofascial pain is a highly prevalent manifestation of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), characterized by painful trigger points in the masticatory muscles, such as the masseter and temporalis, which cause pain, muscle tenderness, and jaw movement limitations. While dry needling is widely recognized as an effective minimally invasive therapy to deactivate these trigger points, there is still a lack of consensus in scientific literature regarding the standardization of application protocols.

To address this gap, this randomized, triple-blind, parallel-group clinical trial will enroll 45 individuals diagnosed with myofascial pain according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). Participants will be randomly allocated into three equal groups (15 individuals per group): Group 1 will receive dynamic dry needling (fanning technique); Group 2 will receive static dry needling (needle kept in situ for 10 minutes); and Group 3 will receive a hybrid approach (combining an initial static period followed by dynamic manipulation).

The primary outcome will evaluate changes in self-reported pain intensity using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) from baseline to 7 days post-intervention. Secondary outcomes will assess changes in pressure pain thresholds (PPT) via digital algometry, mandibular range of motion via digital caliper measurements, and the subjective perception of comfort and acceptability of each technique. Evaluations will be conducted at baseline, immediately post-intervention, at 7 days, and at 15 days of follow-up. The findings are expected to contribute to the standardization of more effective and comfortable clinical protocols for managing orofacial pain.

Studienübersicht

Status

Noch keine Rekrutierung

Intervention / Behandlung

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

45

Phase

  • Phase 3

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

Studienorte

    • Paraná
      • Curitiba, Paraná, Brasilien, 80430140
        • Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of the Temporomandibular Joint, Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná (CDATM-UTP)
        • Kontakt:

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Erwachsene
  • Älterer Erwachsener

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 1. Clinical diagnosis of Myofascial Pain (with or without referred pain) in the masseter and/or temporalis muscles according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) Axis I; 2. Presence of at least one active trigger point in a taut band reproducing the chief complaint; 3. Baseline pain intensity ≥ 2 on the VAS in the last two weeks; 4. Confirmed pressure pain threshold (PPT ≤ 1.5 kg/cm²); 5. Signed informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • 1. TMD treatment in the last 3 months (physical therapy, needling, laser therapy) or Botulinum Toxin injection in the orofacial region within 12 months; 2. Continuous systemic use of analgesics, anti-inflammatories, or muscle relaxants; 3. Diagnosis of fibromyalgia, systemic rheumatic diseases, neurological disorders, or neuropathic pain; 4. Needle phobia (belonephobia), coagulation disorders, or use of anticoagulant drugs; 5. Active skin or odontogenic infections in the application area; 6. History of recent facial trauma or orthognathic/joint surgery; 7. Pregnancy.

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Behandlung
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Doppelt

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Aktiver Komparator: Dynamic Dry Needling
Individuals will receive fast-in and fast-out needle manipulation (Hong's technique) in a fanning shape inside the trigger point of the masseter and/or temporalis muscles. The procedure continues until local twitch responses cease or the individual's tolerance limit is reached.

Dry needling therapy targeted at active myofascial trigger points in masseter and temporalis muscles. Sterile, disposable, stainless steel needles (0.25x25mm or 0.25x30mm) will be used based on muscle depth. Procedures will be performed by a single operator with the individual in a supine position, following strict 70% alcohol antisepsis.

Mechanical manipulation follows three randomized protocols:

  • Dynamic: Fast-in and fast-out needle manipulation (Hong's technique) in a fanning shape until local twitch responses cease or tolerance limit is reached.
  • Static: Direct insertion into the trigger point, remaining completely static in situ for 10 minutes without further stimulation.
  • Hybrid: Direct needle insertion kept static for 5 minutes for initial desensitization, followed by a brief period of dynamic fanning manipulation.
Aktiver Komparator: Static Dry Needling
The needle will be inserted directly into the core of the active trigger point in the masseter and/or temporalis muscles and will remain completely static in situ for 10 minutes, focusing on neurophysiological modulation without further mechanical stimulation.

Dry needling therapy targeted at active myofascial trigger points in masseter and temporalis muscles. Sterile, disposable, stainless steel needles (0.25x25mm or 0.25x30mm) will be used based on muscle depth. Procedures will be performed by a single operator with the individual in a supine position, following strict 70% alcohol antisepsis.

Mechanical manipulation follows three randomized protocols:

  • Dynamic: Fast-in and fast-out needle manipulation (Hong's technique) in a fanning shape until local twitch responses cease or tolerance limit is reached.
  • Static: Direct insertion into the trigger point, remaining completely static in situ for 10 minutes without further stimulation.
  • Hybrid: Direct needle insertion kept static for 5 minutes for initial desensitization, followed by a brief period of dynamic fanning manipulation.
Aktiver Komparator: Hybrid Dry Needling
A combination protocol where the needle is inserted into the trigger point and kept static for 5 minutes for initial desensitization, followed by a brief period of dynamic fanning manipulation (fast-in and fast-out).

Dry needling therapy targeted at active myofascial trigger points in masseter and temporalis muscles. Sterile, disposable, stainless steel needles (0.25x25mm or 0.25x30mm) will be used based on muscle depth. Procedures will be performed by a single operator with the individual in a supine position, following strict 70% alcohol antisepsis.

Mechanical manipulation follows three randomized protocols:

  • Dynamic: Fast-in and fast-out needle manipulation (Hong's technique) in a fanning shape until local twitch responses cease or tolerance limit is reached.
  • Static: Direct insertion into the trigger point, remaining completely static in situ for 10 minutes without further stimulation.
  • Hybrid: Direct needle insertion kept static for 5 minutes for initial desensitization, followed by a brief period of dynamic fanning manipulation.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Change from Baseline in Self-Reported Orofacial Pain Intensity
Zeitfenster: Baseline (T0) and 7 days post-intervention (T2). (This is the primary endpoint to identify mid-term clinical relevance).
Evaluated using a 100 mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS), where 0 mm indicates "no pain" and 100 mm indicates the "worst imaginable pain". The individual marks their current pain perception on the scale. The score is determined by measuring the distance from the left anchor to the individual's mark.
Baseline (T0) and 7 days post-intervention (T2). (This is the primary endpoint to identify mid-term clinical relevance).

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Change from Baseline in Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT)
Zeitfenster: Baseline (T0), 7 days post-intervention (T2), and 15 days post-intervention (T3).
Measured using a calibrated digital pressure algometer equipped with a 1 cm² rubber tip applied perpendicularly over the active trigger point. Pressure increases constantly at a rate of 1.5 kg/cm²/second until the individual reports that the pressure sensation turns into pain. Higher values (in kg/cm²) indicate lower mechanical pain sensitivity.
Baseline (T0), 7 days post-intervention (T2), and 15 days post-intervention (T3).
Change from Baseline in Mandibular Range of Motion
Zeitfenster: Baseline (T0), 7 days post-intervention (T2), and 15 days post-intervention (T3).
Functional assessment measuring maximum functional mouth opening, maximum assisted mouth opening, protrusion, and lateralities (all in millimeters) using a high-precision digital caliper.
Baseline (T0), 7 days post-intervention (T2), and 15 days post-intervention (T3).

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Geschätzt)

1. August 2026

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

1. Dezember 2026

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

1. April 2027

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

9. Juli 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

9. Juli 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

15. Juli 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

15. Juli 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

9. Juli 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Juli 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

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UNENTSCHIEDEN

Beschreibung des IPD-Plans

I will analyze any request and will decide later

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

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