Medixair® System on Surgical Site Infection in Cardiac Patients

Study design Prospective, comparative, randomized, non intervention study

Patients

Patients older than 18 years

Cardiac Surgery anesthetized using Extracorporeal Circulation

Randomization

There are 10 independent boxes at the Postoperative Cardiac Intensive Care Unit. (Each of these boxes have single beds). Every year, the Cardiac Reanimation Unit of our hospital received 500 patients, post heart surgery.

After getting the permissions needed to make the research, the Medixair® system has been placed in 5 of these units, and the comparison group will be the other 5 beds without Medixair®. Patients have been assigned randomly to either (Medixair® and NO Medixair®).

The endpoint is:

-To compare the infection rates after a cardiac surgery, on patients located in boxes with and without a Medixair® system.

The aim is to see if there are fewer catheter infections, less bacteraemia, fewer urinary infections, less site of surgery infections, and fewer pneumonias in patients who have spent their first days after a heart surgery in a box with Medixair® system than without it. The infection rates in the intensive care unit will be followed, as well as the whole stay at hospital, as there might be fewer infections if there were fewer microorganisms around.

Other objectives are:

• Identifying preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors to develop an infection illness after cardiac surgery, as well as which increase the length of stay at hospital and the mortality rate.
• Making an economic study of using this system against not using it.

A further aim is to measure the following variables:

• Dependent variables (Outcome variables): infection
• 2º Outcome variables: colonization
• Independent variables will be a risk factor for infection:
• Preoperative: age, sex, any preoperative illness, immunosuppressor treatment, including corticosteroids.
• Intraoperative: antibiotic prophylaxis, surgical technique, length of cardiopulmonary bypass, length of aorta clamped, temperature during cardiopulmonary bypass, hematocrit at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass.
• Postoperative: length with mechanical ventilation, time spent in hospital, time spent in an intensive care unit, any organ complication (pulmonary insufficiency, renal failure, low cardiac index), septicemia, invasive techniques used, positive microorganism cultures.

All of the patients will be treated in the same way

Estimated number of patients

Nowadays, the infection rate after cardiac surgery is around 5%, so following the current hypothesis that the Medixair® system, because of its ultraviolet emissions, is going to lower the infection rate after cardiac surgery, 419 patients are needed in each group to be able to demonstrate a significative 5% reduction in infection rates, with an alpha error of 0.05 and a beta error of 0.2 to have a power of 80%.

As this is a preliminary study, in order to demonstrate a 5% reduction in the infection rate, half the number of patients (half of 419) will be used. As the patient volume is 500 a year, the number will be rounded up to 500, in order to be able to consider a complete year.