Bupropion and Specific Cardiovascular Malformations

June 6, 2017 updated by: GlaxoSmithKline
The study is an extension of earlier work based on a retrospective epidemiologic study of infants born to women who were exposed to bupropion in their estimated first trimester of pregnancy using data from a large US health plan affiliated with i3 Drug Safety (Clinical study ID WWE113694) (Cole JA, Oh KS, Chiang CC, Walker AM, Haight BR, Modell JG. Bupropion in pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital malformations Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 2007; 16: 474-484). The cohorts developed for the earlier work consisted of all infants born to women exposed to bupropion during the estimated first trimester and outside the first trimester, and a random sample of infants born to women exposed to other antidepressants during the first trimester between 01 January 1995 and 30 September 2004. The objectives for this study include refining of both the original first trimester bupropion cohort and the original bupropion outside the first trimester cohort into mono-therapy and mono- or poly-therapy. Exposure to other antidepressants during the first trimester will also be refined into mono-therapy and mono- or poly-therapy. With input from pediatric cardiology expert, lists of specific cardiovascular malformations and malformation groupings will be created. The groupings will be created among the refined first trimester bupropion cohort as well as in two comparison cohorts of bupropion outside the first trimester and first trimester antidepressant use (mono-therapy and mono-or poly-therapy). The prevalence in each cohort will be calculated as the number of infants with a specific cardiovascular malformation divided by the number of live born infants. Prevalence will be reported per 1,000 infants. Confidence intervals will be calculated using Wilson's approximation to exact binomial intervals when the number of cases is five or greater and exact binomial intervals when the number of cases is fewer than five. The appropriateness of further calculations will be evaluated. Where numbers permit, adjusted odds ratios for specific cardiovascular groups/malformations will be calculated and if appropriate, stratified according to maternal dispensing of medications suspected to be teratogenic. The following comparisons, if numbers permit, will be performed: 1) bupropion first trimester mono-therapy cohort versus other antidepressant first trimester mono-therapy cohort; 2) bupropion first trimester mono- or poly-therapy cohort versus other antidepressant first trimester mono- or poly-therapy cohort; 3) bupropion first trimester mono-therapy cohort versus bupropion outside of first trimester mono-therapy cohort, and 4) bupropion first trimester mono- or poly-therapy cohort versus bupropion outside of first trimester mono- or poly-therapy cohort. Adjusted odds ratios will be calculated through a generalized estimated equations form of multivariate logistic regression to account for births associated with multiple infants. The same covariates identified in the original study will be included in this re-analysis. Covariates included: diagnoses of bipolar disorder and eclampsia within one year before delivery; dispensings of lithium, phenytoin, and fluconazole within one year before delivery through the end of the first trimester; and the number of physician visits within 10 to 12 months before delivery, maternal age, geographic region of the health plan, and infant gender. If generalized estimating equation form of the logistic regression model does not converge, adjusted odds ratios will be presented from a conventional multivariate logistic model. If the conventional multivariate logistic model does not converge, only the crude odds ratio will be presented.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Patients were not recruited for nor enrolled in this study. This study is a retrospective observational study. Data from medical records or insurance claims databases are anonymised and used to develop a patient cohort. All diagnoses and treatment are recorded in the course of routine medical practice.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
7005

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

12 years to 49 years (Child, Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population will be the same as that used previously in the retrospective epidemiologic study of infants born to women who were exposed to bupropion in their estimated first trimester of pregnancy using data from a large US health plan affiliated with i3 Drug Safety. 1,213 infants born to 1,140 women (1,142 pregnancies) were exposed to bupropion during the first trimester. The comparison groups consisted of 4,753 infants born to 4,617 women (4,649 pregnancies) exposed to other anti-depressants during the first trimester, and 1,049 infants born to 1,009 women (1,009 pregnancies) exposed to bupropion outside of the first trimester. All medical and prescription claims data along with dates of health plan enrollment for these women were included. The other antidepressant sample was frequency-matched to the bupropion cohort by year of birth, and was selected irrespective of exposure to specific antidepressants.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

The inclusion criteria will be the same as that used previously in the retrospective epidemiologic study of infants born to women who were exposed to bupropion in their estimated first trimester of pregnancy using data from a large US health plan affiliated with i3 Drug Safety.

  • All deliveries occurring between 01 January 1995 and 30 September 2004 among women ages 12 to 49 who are members of UnitedHealthcare
  • Eligible for prescription benefits
  • Have one or more dispensings of an antidepressant during the study period
  • Continuously enrolled for at least eighteen months prior to delivery
  • Women were required to have one year of continuous health plan membership before their delivery date.
  • Women were also included when the associated infant remained on the insurance plan.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Members who are employees of UnitedHealthcare are excluded from the Ingenix Research Database.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort

Group / Cohort

A group or subgroup of participants in an observational study that is assessed for biomedical or health outcomes.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Infants born to women who were exposed to antidepressants
Women ages 12 through 49 (as of delivery date) who were dispensed an antidepressant between 01 January 1995 and 30 September 2004 from the original Bupropion study.
Drug: 3. Exposure to other antidepressants during the first trimester comparison cohort
Exposure to other antidepressants during first trimester was classified in the original study using pharmacy claims submitted electronically to the Ingenix Research Database to indicate dispensing of other antidepressants. Infants were classified according to maternal exposure to other antidepressants during the first trimester. The first trimester was estimated as the earliest probable conception date through 91 days (13 weeks) following the latest probable conception date (based on delivery diagnosis codes). This study will refine the exposure classifications into infants born to women who were exposed only to one type of an antidepressant ("other antidepressant monotherapy"), or more than one type of an antidepressant ("other antidepressant mono or polytherapy") during the first trimester. A woman was considered exposed if there is at least one dispensing of another antidepressant during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Drug: 2. Exposure to bupropion outside the first trimester comparison cohort
Exposure to bupropion outside the first trimester was classified in the original study using pharmacy claims submitted electronically to the Ingenix Research Database to indicate a dispensing of bupropion. The comparison cohort ("bupropion exposure outside the first trimester") included women whose bupropion exposure occurred at least one month before the estimated date of conception and women whose bupropion exposure occurred after the first trimester, but before delivery. This study will refine the exposure classifications into infants born to women, who were exposed only to bupropion ("bupropion monotherapy"), or bupropion and another type of an antidepressant ("bupropion mono-or polytherapy") during the period outside the first trimester.
Drug: 1. Exposure to bupropion during the first trimester
Exposure to bupropion during the first trimester was classified in the original study using pharmacy claims submitted electronically to the Ingenix Research Database to indicate a dispensing of bupropion. Infants were classified according to maternal exposure to bupropion during the first trimester. The first trimester was estimated as the earliest probable conception date through 91 days (13 weeks) following the latest probable conception date (based on delivery diagnosis codes). This study will refine the exposure classifications into infants born to women, who were exposed only to bupropion ("bupropion monotherapy"), or bupropion and another type of an antidepressant ("bupropion mono-or polytherapy"). A woman was considered exposed in the first trimester if there was at least one dispensing of bupropion during the first trimester of pregnancy.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Time Frame
Frequencies and prevalence estimates of specific cardiovascular malformations and malformation groupings among live infants born to women exposed to bupropion or antidepressants
Time Frame: As performed previously, medical and prescription claims data was assembled and the outcomes of infants in the first 9 months of life were evaluated
As performed previously, medical and prescription claims data was assembled and the outcomes of infants in the first 9 months of life were evaluated

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
GlaxoSmithKline

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 1, 2010

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 1, 2010

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
July 1, 2010

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
July 15, 2010

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
July 19, 2010

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
June 7, 2017

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 6, 2017

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
June 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 114592
  • EPI40642 (Other Identifier: GSK)
  • WEUSKOP4894 (Other Identifier: GSK)

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Cookie Settings

We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. For more details carefully read our Privacy and Cookies Policy. ...>>>You can change your preferences or withdraw your consent at any time by deleting the cookies from your website or computer as described in the policy. Please accept it and choose your preferences by ticking the corresponding boxes in the "Manage Settings" section below. Please carefully read our Terms of Service before you proceed with using any part of this website.
«Manage Settings