Acute Effects of Heat, Cold and Stretching on Knee Proprioception and Vertical Jump

February 5, 2025 updated by: Umut Paksoy, Istanbul Bilgi University
The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of heat, cold and stretching on knee proprioception and vertical jump. 60 healthy individuals were randomized into hot, cold, stretching and control groups of 15 each. Pre-test and post-test measurements were made immediately after the application. Knee proprioception was measured with a digital goniometer using the EPD (joint position sense) test. Vertical jump heights were measured with contact mat by countermovement (CMJ) and squat splash (SQS) tests.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
60

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Istanbul, Turkey, 34218
        • İstanbul Medipan Tıp Merkezi

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Being between the ages of 18-30
  • Agreeing to participate in the study and being informed Approving the Volunteer Consent Form

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Having a history of surgery in the knee area
  • Movement in lower extremity joints that may affect measurements have limitations.
  • Having vision, hearing and balance impairment.
  • May cause peripheral neuropathy and deep sensory loss, or loss of proprioception may be caused by other mechanisms having diseases.
  • Have a neurological or systemic disease that affects balance and coordination have.
  • Describing very severe pain in any part of the lower extremity.
  • Being pregnant.
  • Having cognitive dysfunction, lack of cooperation
  • Having any disease that may cause inability to dry

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: Control Group
No intervention was applied to the control group.
Experimental: Hot Pack Group
Hot pack application was applied to the participants in the hot group to warm the extremities locally after the pre-tests were completed. For the application of hotpack, which is a superficial and moist temperature agent, a Chattanooga ® brand hotpack pad (DJO Global, Chattanooga; CA, USA) with 10 slices and a size of 28 cm x 39 cm was used. The hotpack pad was taken with the help of tongs from the Chattanooga ® brand hot pack boiler (DJO Global, Chattanooga; CA, USA) at 80° temperature and wrapped in a total of 5 layers with the help of 2 towels. A hotpackpad was placed on each knee of the participant. Hotpack pads were applied for 15 minutes in total.
Other: Hot pack application
Hot pack application was applied to the participants in the hot group to warm the extremities locally after the pre-tests were completed. For the application of hotpack, which is a superficial and moist temperature agent, a Chattanooga ® brand hotpack pad (DJO Global, Chattanooga; CA, USA) with 10 slices and a size of 28 cm x 39 cm was used. The hotpack pad was taken with the help of tongs from the Chattanooga ® brand hot pack boiler (DJO Global, Chattanooga; CA, USA) at 80° temperature and wrapped in a total of 5 layers with the help of 2 towels. A hotpackpad was placed on each knee of the participant. Hotpack pads were applied for 15 minutes in total.
Experimental: Cold Pack Group
For participants in the cold group, MSD ® brand cold pack gel (MVS Inmotion, MSD cold pack; Weftdijk 1502830, Belgium), 15 cm x 25 cm in size, was used to cool the extremities locally. The cold pack gel, kept in the freezer, was wrapped in a paper towel and placed on the knee area. Cold pack was applied to both knees for a total of 15 minutes.
Other: Cold pack application
For participants in the cold group, MSD ® brand cold pack gel (MVS Inmotion, MSD cold pack; Weftdijk 1502830, Belgium), 15 cm x 25 cm in size, was used to cool the extremities locally. The cold pack gel, kept in the freezer, was wrapped in a paper towel and placed on the knee area. Cold pack was applied to both knees for a total of 15 minutes.
Experimental: Stretching Group
Static stretching technique was applied to the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups in both the dominant and non-dominant extremities of the participants in the stretching group. All stretches were performed twice for 20 seconds with a 3-second rest.
Other: Stretching
Static stretching technique was applied to the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups in both the dominant and non-dominant extremities of the participants in the stretching group. All stretches were performed twice for 20 seconds with a 3-second rest.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Vertical Jump Distance Measurement
Time Frame: Before and immediately after application
Two types of vertical jump distances, squat jump and countermovement jump, were evaluated using a Fusion Sport ® brand jump meter (Fusion Sport, SmartJump; Colorado, USA) with a sensitivity of 1 nanometer, which is one thousandth of an antimeter. Both tests were repeated a total of 3 times and the best results were recorded.
Before and immediately after application
Joint Position Sense Measurement
Time Frame: Before and immediately after application
For the active joint position sense test, which measures the individual's ability to find the taught target angle, a BASELINE ® brand digital goniometer (BASELINE ® Evaluation Instruments, Digital Absolute + Axis goniometer; NY, USA) with a sensitivity of 0.1° was used.
Before and immediately after application

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Istanbul Bilgi University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
November 2, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
February 20, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
February 20, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 2, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 2, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 8, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
March 25, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
February 5, 2025

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
February 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • A47

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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