Study of Lunesta Versus Placebo for Sleep Problems Related to Smoking Cessation and Zyban

A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial of Eszopiclone for the Treatment of Bupropion- and Abstinence-Related Insomnia During Smoking Cessation

Objectives:

The primary objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of eszopiclone at treating sleep problems related to withdrawal from nicotine in healthy smokers attempting smoking cessation.

Sleep disturbances are a significant problem for smokers who are trying to quit smoking. Smokers may be more likely to have sleep problems and both nicotine withdrawal and agents used to aid smoking cessation (e.g., pharmacotherapies) may disrupt sleep. Lunesta (eszopiclone) is a medication that has been approved by the FDA to treat insomnia. Eszopiclone's efficacy for treating insomnia makes it a promising agent for treating nicotine withdrawal-related symptoms of sleep disturbance.

This study will be 7 weeks duration. All participants will begin taking Zyban at the beginning of week 1 and will be asked to try to quit smoking at the beginning of week 2. Participants will also begin to take Lunesta or matched placebo (3 mg qd x 6 weeks) on the target quit date at the beginning of week 2. All subjects will receive eight (8) weekly sessions of brief individual supportive smoking cessation counseling.

Hypothesis:

It is hypothesized that significantly fewer sleep problems will be reported by participants taking Lunesta as compared to placebo. Specifically, it is expected that participants taking Lunesta will report less difficulty falling and staying asleep, higher sleep quality, and less insomnia-related fatigue and distress than participants taking placebo.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Insomnia; Nicotine Dependence
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Eszopiclone; Drug: Bupropion

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 4
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Connecticut
    • New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06519
      • Connecticut Mental Health Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 63 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Are between ages 18-65 years old.
• Meet DSM-IV criteria for nicotine dependence.
• Smoke at least 15 cigarettes (3/4 pack) daily (averaged over 1 week, in the past 1 month) and have an expired breath CO level > 10.
• At the time of initial evaluation, are motivated to quit smoking in the next 30 days.
• Receive a score of ≥ 10 on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)
• Have the capacity to give informed consent, and are English-speaking.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Are taking an over-the-counter or prescription medications that are known to affect sleep.
• Are taking medications contraindicated for use with eszopiclone or bupropion including: Ketoconazole, Itraconazole, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, Nefazodone, Troleandomycin, Ritonavir, Nelfinavir, Trazodone, and Methadone.
• Are using any over-the-counter analgesics that contain caffeine.
• Have serious medical disorders that may make participation in the trial unsafe.
• Are physiologically dependent on and/or abusing alcohol or other drugs of abuse (e.g., cocaine, opiates, benzodiazepines, etc.) in the past 6 months prior to randomization into the trial.
• Consume greater than 1 alcoholic beverage per day or greater than 7 alcoholic drinks per week.
• Meet DSM-IV criteria for a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder, panic disorder or post-traumatic stress disorder, or a current or past history bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or anorexia or bulimia nervosa. Have a past history of major depression, with historical evidence of suicidal or homicidal behavior, or psychotic symptoms.
• Have the presence of suicidal or homicidal ideation, or significant impairment of social or occupational functioning, either at study baseline during the evaluation process, or during participation in the trial.
• Are from the same household as another study participant.
• A history of seizures of any etiology.
• A history of hypersensitivity to bupropion or Lunesta (eszopiclone).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Zyban + Lunesta; Zyban (150 mg qd x 7 days then 150 mg bid x 6 weeks) + Lunesta (3 mg qd x 6 weeks)	Drug: Eszopiclone; eszopiclone (lunesta) - 3 mg qd x 6 weeks, oral capsule; Other Names: Lunesta; Drug: Bupropion; bupropion SR in oral capsule will be begun at the beginning of week 1 (150 mg qd x 7 days) with an increase to the full dose (150 mg bid x 6 weeks) at the beginning of week 2.; Other Names: Zyban
Placebo Comparator: Zyban + Placebo; Zyban (150 mg qd x 7 days then 150 mg bid x 6 weeks) + placebo (1 pill per day x 6 weeks)	Drug: Bupropion; bupropion SR in oral capsule will be begun at the beginning of week 1 (150 mg qd x 7 days) with an increase to the full dose (150 mg bid x 6 weeks) at the beginning of week 2.; Other Names: Zyban

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Level of Insomnia as Measured by the Insomnia Severity Index	Insomnia Severity Index (ISI): 13-item self-report measure which examines symptoms of insomnia, consequences of insomnia, and subjective distress related to sleep problems. Subjects rate the symptoms and consequences of insomnia on a 5 point Likert scales. For example, subjects are asked to rate the severity of their insomnia (e.g., difficulty falling asleep from 0=none to 4=very severe). Scores on the first 7 items are summed for a total insomnia score ranging from 0-28.	6 weeks after target smoking quit date

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Smoking Abstinence as Measured by Self Reported Smoking and Confirmed by CO Level	Endpoint abstinence will be defined as 0 cigarettes over the seven days prior to the subject's Timeline Follow-Back evaluation at the end of week 7 (end of trial) and a Carbon Monoxide (CO) level ≤ 5.	6 weeks after target smoking quite date

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yale University
• Collaborators: Sunovion
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Andrea H. Weinberger, Ph.D., Yale University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2007
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2008
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2008

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 1, 2007
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 2, 2007
• First Posted (Estimate): August 3, 2007

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 9, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 5, 2022
• Last Verified: May 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: insomnia; smoking; nicotine dependence; smoking cessation; zyban
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Chemically-Induced Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Substance-Related Disorders; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Tobacco Use Disorder; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Central Nervous System Depressants; Enzyme Inhibitors; Psychotropic Drugs; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Membrane Transport Modulators; Antidepressive Agents; Dopamine Agents; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Bupropion; Eszopiclone
• Other Study ID Numbers: 0609001866; ESRC099