Immunogenicity, Safety and Tolerability of the Typhoid Fever Vaccine Candidate M01ZH09 in Healthy Adults

A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Single Dose, Dose Escalation Study to Determine the Immunogenicity, Safety and Tolerability of S. Typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9 at Doses of 5.0 x 10E9 CFU, 7.5 x 10E9 CFU, 1.1 x 10E10 and 1.7 x 10E10 CFU and 1.7 x 10E10 CFU, Following Oral Administration to Healthy, Typhoid Vaccine naïve Subjects in the USA.

This study is to investigate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the typhoid fever vaccine candidate M01ZH09 manufactured at commercial scale, at a new manufacturing facility. The vaccine will be delivered as a single oral dose to healthy, typhoid vaccine-naïve adults.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Typhoid
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: Dose of 5.0 x 10^9 CFU (Cohort 1); Other: Placebo (Cohorts 1-4 pooled); Biological: Dose of 7.5 x 10^9 CFU (Cohort 2); Biological: Dose of 1.1 x 10^10 CFU (Cohort 3); Biological: Dose of of 1.7 x 10^10 CFU (Cohort 4)

Detailed Description

This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single dose, dose escalation study with 4 dosing cohorts. Within each cohort, 45 evaluable subjects were planned (36 subjects receiving M01ZH09, 9 receiving placebo).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 187
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Florida
    • South Miami, Florida, United States, 33143
      • Miami Research Associates
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21205
      • John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
  • Vermont
    • Burlington, Vermont, United States, 05405
      • Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Vermont College of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 50 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy adult subjects aged 18 to 50 years inclusive, who are able and willing to give informed consent, following a detailed explanation of participation in protocol
• available for the duration of the study and available for scheduled and potential additional visits

Exclusion Criteria:

• women who are pregnant, breast-feeding or of childbearing potential and unwilling to use a reliable method of contraception throughout the study period
• history of anaphylactic shock following vaccination by any route have phenylketonuria
• hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine or are hypersensitive to two of the following antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, ampicillin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
• received antibiotic medication within 14 days prior to dosing
• received any vaccine within 4 weeks prior to dosing or plan to receive a vaccine within 4 weeks after dosing
• received any vaccine against Salmonella typhi (licensed or investigational) or ever suffered from typhoid fever
• subjects who test positive for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV or human leucocyte antigen B-27
• known or suspected history of liver or active gall bladder disease, ongoing gastro-intestinal disease or abnormality
• commercial food handlers or health care workers with direct contact with high risk patients or who have household contacts with immuno-compromised individuals, pregnant women or children less than 2 years of age
• subjects who have a clinically significant amount of protein or haemoglobin in their urine or abnormality of their haematology or serum biochemistry parameters
• impairment of immune function or those receiving or have received cytotoxic drugs in the 6 months prior to study entry
• subjects who use antacids, proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers on a regular basis or have consumed proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers within 24 hours prior to dosing
• acute infections (including fever of 37.5 degrees Celsius or greater) on the day of dosing.
• subjects with chronic disease (e.g Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes) who cannot withstand a 3 hour fast
• substance abuse or a history of substance abuse that might interfere with participation in the study
• body mass index (BMI) is less than 19 or greater than 34 kg per m2
• clinically significant medical condition that precludes participation in the study
• subjects who have participated in an interventional clinical trial within 60 days of dosing

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: M01ZH09 Vaccine Candidate Cohort 1; Dose of 5.0 x 10^9 colony forming units (CFU) S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9 or placebo, administered as a single, oral dose	Biological: Dose of 5.0 x 10^9 CFU (Cohort 1); S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9 live attenuated typhoid vaccine, single dose, oral administration; Other: Placebo (Cohorts 1-4 pooled); Excipients only, single dose, oral administration
Experimental: M01ZH09 Vaccine Candidate Cohort 2; Dose of 7.5 x 10^9 CFU S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9 or placebo, administered as a single, oral dose	Other: Placebo (Cohorts 1-4 pooled); Excipients only, single dose, oral administration; Biological: Dose of 7.5 x 10^9 CFU (Cohort 2); S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9 live attenuated typhoid vaccine, single dose, oral administration
Experimental: M01ZH09 Vaccine Candidate Cohort 3; Dose of 1.1 x 10^10 CFU S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9 or placebo, administered as a single, oral dose	Other: Placebo (Cohorts 1-4 pooled); Excipients only, single dose, oral administration; Biological: Dose of 1.1 x 10^10 CFU (Cohort 3); S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9 live attenuated typhoid vaccine, single dose, oral administration
Experimental: M01ZH09 Vaccine Candidate Cohort 4; Dose of of 1.7 x 10^10 CFU S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9 or placebo, administered as a single, oral dose	Other: Placebo (Cohorts 1-4 pooled); Excipients only, single dose, oral administration; Biological: Dose of of 1.7 x 10^10 CFU (Cohort 4); S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9 live attenuated typhoid vaccine, single dose, oral administration

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number and Proportion of Subjects Reporting Suspected Unexpected Serious Adverse Reactions.	Number and proportion of subjects reporting suspected unexpected serious adverse reactions (SUSARs).	From start of dosing to 28 days post-dosing.
Number and Proportion of Subjects Experiencing Symptomatic Fever.	Number and proportion of subjects experiencing symptomatic (e.g., chills, rigors, sweating, headache, myalgia etc.) elevated body temperature of 38.0°C or more in the 14 days following dosing.	From start of dosing to 14 days post-dosing.
Number of Subjects Having Clinically Significant Changes in Laboratory Test Parameters.	Number of subjects having clinically significant changes in clinical laboratory test parameters.	From start of dosing to 28 days post-dosing.
Number of Subjects Reporting Treatment-related TEAEs.	Number of subjects having TEAEs considered by the principal investigator to be "possibly" or "probably" related to treatment.	From start of dosing to 28 days post-dosing.
Number and Proportion of Subjects Experiencing Bacteraemia.	Number and proportion of subjects experiencing a proven bacteraemia attributed to the vaccine strain S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9.	From start of dosing to 28 days post-dosing.
Number of Subjects Having Shedding in Stool of Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9.	Number of subjects having shedding in stool of S. typhi (Ty2 aroC-ssaV-) ZH9. Subjects were evaluated beyond Day 14 only in Cohort 4.	Beyond 7 days post-dosing through 14 days post-dosing (Cohorts 1-3) or through 21 days post-dosing (Cohort 4).
Number and Proportion of Subjects Developing an Immune Response as Determined by the Level of IgG and/or IgA Antibodies for S. Typhi Lipopolysaccharide (LPS).	Number and proportion of subjects with increase of 70% (fold change of 1.7) in S. typhi LPS-specific serum IgG at Days 14 or 28 AND/OR increase of 50% (fold change of 1.5) in S. typhi LPS-specific serum IgA at Days 7 or 14. Serum IgG and IgA were assayed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).	From baseline (pre-dose) to Days 14 or 28 (IgG) or to Days 7 or 14 (IgA).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number and Proportion of Subjects Developing an Immune Response as Determined by the Level of IgA Antibodies for S. Typhi LPS.	Number and proportion of subjects with increase of 50% (fold change of 1.5) in S. typhi LPS-specific serum IgA at Days 7 or 14. Serum IgA was assayed using ELISA.	From baseline (pre-dose) to Days 7 or 14.
Number and Proportion of Subjects Developing an Immune Response as Determined by the Level of IgG Antibodies for S. Typhi LPS.	Number and proportion of subjects with increase of 70% (fold change of 1.7) in S. typhi LPS-specific serum IgG at Days 14 or 28. Serum IgG was assayed using ELISA.	From baseline (pre-dose) to Days 14 or 28.
Number and Proportion of Subjects Developing an Immune Response as Determined by the Level of IgG Antibodies for S. Typhi LPS.	Number and proportion of subjects with an increase of 70% (fold change of 1.7) in S. typhi LPS-specific serum IgG at Days 7, 14 or 28. Serum IgG was assayed using ELISA.	From baseline (pre-dose) to Days 7, 14, or 28.
Number and Proportion of Subjects Developing an Immune Response at the Target Dose of 7.5 x 10^9 CFU (Cohort 2) as Determined by the Number of Antibody Secreting Cells (ASCs) Secreting IgA and/or Fold Change in IgG.	Number and proportion of subjects with ≥ 4 ASCs per 10^6 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at Day 7 secreting IgA specific for S. typhi LPS (detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assay [ELISPOT]) AND/OR 4-fold increase for serum IgG on Day 28 compared to baseline (assay using endpoint titre ELISA).	At Day 7 (IgA); and from baseline (pre-dose) to Day 28 (IgG).
Number and Proportion of Subjects Developing an Immune Response at the Target Dose of 7.5 x 10^9 CFU (Cohort 2) as Determined by the Number of ASCs Secreting IgA.	Number and proportion of subjects with ≥ 4 ASCs per 10^6 PBMCs at Day 7 secreting IgA specific for S. typhi LPS (detected by ELISPOT).	Day 7.
Number and Proportion of Subjects Developing an Immune Response at the Target Dose of 7.5 x 10^9 CFU (Cohort 2) as Determined by the Fold Change in IgG.	Number and proportion of subjects with 4-fold increase for serum IgG on Day 28 compared to baseline (assay using endpoint titre ELISA).	From baseline (pre-dose) to Day 28.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Emergent BioSolutions
• Investigators: Study Director: Stephen Lockhart, DM, Emergent BioSolutions

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Lyon CE, Sadigh KS, Carmolli MP, Harro C, Sheldon E, Lindow JC, Larsson CJ, Martinez T, Feller A, Ventrone CH, Sack DA, DeNearing B, Fingar A, Pierce K, Dill EA, Schwartz HI, Beardsworth EE, Kilonzo B, May JP, Lam W, Upton A, Budhram R, Kirkpatrick BD. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, the single oral dose typhoid vaccine, M01ZH09, is safe and immunogenic at doses up to 1.7 x 10(10) colony-forming units. Vaccine. 2010 Apr 30;28(20):3602-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.017. Epub 2010 Feb 24.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 2008
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2008
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2008

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 14, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 15, 2008
• First Posted (Estimated): May 16, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 9, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 14, 2024
• Last Verified: March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Infections; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Infections and Mycoses; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Salmonella Infections; Typhoid Fever
• Other Study ID Numbers: MS01.13

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO