Application and Evaluation of Group Cognitive Intervention for Depressed Adolescents

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective and CBT with parental involvement has potential in preventing and treating adolescent depression. The purpose of this study was to compare the short- and long-term effectiveness of CBT alone and CBT plus parental education for community-based adolescents at risk for depression and suicide in Taiwan. It is hypothesized that the CBT alone and CBT with parental education group are more effective than the control group.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Community Adolescents at Risk for Depression and Suicide
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: CBT plus parent education; Behavioral: CBT alone

Detailed Description

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is well known for its active, directive, time-limited, and structured approach. Despite an increasing prevalence of adolescent depression in Taiwan, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the immediate and long-term effectiveness of CBT for community-based adolescents at risk for depression and suicide. Also, little is known about the effectiveness of the involvement of parents in CBT groups. The Adolescent Coping with Depression Course (CWDA) (19) is an effective CBT-oriented group intervention for adolescent depression. However, it has not been tested in specific cultural groups. The primary purpose of this study was therefore to compare the immediate and long-term effectiveness of CBT alone, CBT with parental education, and control groups for community-based adolescents at risk for depression and suicide.A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Community-based high school students at risk for depression and suicide were recruited and assigned to one of two experimental groups or a control group. Students in the experimental groups received CBT plus parental education (group A, n = 9) or CBT alone (group B, n = 10). The control group was designed as a waiting list group (group C, n = 12). Both experimental groups received a follow-up session 1 year after the intervention. Several outcome variables (depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, cognitive triad, learned resourcefulness [LR], and salivary cortisol level) were used to determine the effectiveness of treatment.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 31
• Phase: Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 110
    • School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years to 19 years (ADULT, CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• willing to participate group assignment and grant consents

Exclusion Criteria:

• unwilling to participate potential group activity and grant consents
• severe physical or psychiatric disorders

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: DOUBLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: CBT plus parent education	Behavioral: CBT plus parent education; The 10-session group CBT with two-session parental education in our study was derived from the CWDA, with some modifications made based on cultural considerations. Skills taught and discussed included mood monitoring, improving social skills, increasing pleasant activities, decreasing anxiety, reducing depressogenic cognitions, improving communication, and conflict resolution. The issues taught and discussed included an introduction to adolescent depression and suicide, their etiology, symptoms, treatment, and prognosis, as well as stress management. A 1-year individual follow-up program was used to maintain the effect of the experimental intervention and to provide necessary individual interventions for students such as CBT, support, and counseling.
EXPERIMENTAL: CBT alone	Behavioral: CBT alone; The 10-session group CBT with two-session parental education in our study was derived from the CWDA, with some modifications made based on cultural considerations. Skills taught and discussed included mood monitoring, improving social skills, increasing pleasant activities, decreasing anxiety, reducing depressogenic cognitions, improving communication, and conflict resolution.A 1-year individual follow-up program was used to maintain the effect of the experimental intervention and to provide necessary individual interventions for students such as CBT, support, and counseling.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, cognitive triad, learned resourcefulness (LR), and salivary cortisol	6

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Taipei Medical University Hospital
• Collaborators: Department of Health
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Hsiu-Ju Chang, phD, School of Nursing, Taipei Meidcal University

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Related Info

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2006
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2007
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2007

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 24, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 24, 2009
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): July 27, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): July 27, 2009
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 24, 2009
• Last Verified: July 1, 2009

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: CBT, Depressed and suicidal adolescents
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Self-Injurious Behavior; Depression; Suicide
• Other Study ID Numbers: DOH95-TD-M-113-058