Sustaining Remission of Psychotic Depression (STOP-PD)

The acute phase of this study will monitor the response to a combination of an atypical antipsychotic medication olanzapine with an antidepressant medication sertraline in the acute treatment of the disorder. It is predicted that this combination will improve symptoms of psychotic depression and be associated metabolic side effects. Factors that moderate tolerability will be monitored. Improvement in symptoms could take between 4 and 12 weeks, followed by a period of 8 weeks during which participants will continue to take the same medications to stabilize the remission from symptoms of psychotic depression.

The maintenance phase will be a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of olanzapine for a period of up to 36 weeks to test whether continuing this combination decreases the risk of relapse and whether discontinuing the combination leads to improvement in metabolic measures. Subjects who complete the acute phase will be asked to consent separately to the randomized maintenance phase.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Psychotic Depression
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Sertraline + Olanzapine; Drug: Sertraline + Placebo

Detailed Description

The original STOP-PD study established that the combination of olanzapine and sertraline was significantly better than olanzapine alone in achieving remission of psychotic depression. This STOP-PD-II Sustaining Remission study aims to assess the long-term tolerability of taking this combination of medications and their efficacy at preventing a relapse of the symptoms. The acute phase of the study will monitor the efficacy and tolerability of the olanzapine and sertraline combination, including investigation of weight and metabolic variables, age effects on treatment response and tolerability, and the association of genetic polymorphisms to response or relapse. When subjects are stabilized on these medications for a period of 8 weeks they will be invited to participate in the randomized phase of the research: the olanzapine will be placebo-controlled, meaning half of the subjects will continue to take the olanzapine/sertraline combination and half will take a sertraline/placebo combination, for a period of 36 weeks. Symptoms and side effects will be monitored regularly throughout this phase. Randomization will be stratified on a 1:1 basis by age 60 and above.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 269
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Toronto, Canada
    • Alastair Flint, MD
• United States
  • Massachusetts
    • Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, 01605
      • Anthony Rothschild, MD
  • New York
    • White Plains, New York, United States, 10605
      • George Alexopoulos, MD
  • Pennsylvania
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213
      • Ellen Whyte, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged 18-85 years, inclusive
2. Diagnosis: Diagnostic Statistical Manual-IV Trade Revision (DSM IV-TR) non-bipolar major depression with psychotic features established by both clinical interview with research psychiatrist and administration of SCID-IV.
3. Score >2 on Schedule for Affective Disorders (SADS) delusion severity item
4. Score >1 on any of the three conviction items of the Delusion Assessment Scale (DAS) (does not alter belief in response to reality testing)
5. 17-item HAM-D score of >20

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Current or lifetime DSM-IV-TR history of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders or meeting current criteria for brief psychotic disorder, body dysmorphic disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder
2. Current or lifetime DSM-IV-TR bipolar affective disorder
3. History of DSM-IV-TR defined alcohol or substance abuse or dependence within the past three months
4. Dementia or clinically significant cognitive impairment prior to index episode of depression, and/or a mean score >3 on 26-item caregiver assessment
5. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (defined as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with onset before age 35, and/or diabetes mellitus complicated by prior documented episode of ketoacidosis
6. Acute or unstable medical illness within the past 3 months; current abnormal serum free T4; current abnormally low vitamin B4 or folic acid level; medical conditions and/or medications for which psychotic or depressive symptoms can be a direct manifestation; neurological disease associated with extrapyramidal signs and symptoms; epilepsy, if the person has had one or more grand mal seizures within the past 12 months.
7. The need for treatment with any psychotropic medication other than sertraline, olanzapine or lorazepam; or with an anticonvulsant medication with mood-stabilizing properties.
8. Current pregnancy or plan to become pregnant during the course of the study; breast feeding in women with infants.
9. A documented history of being unable to tolerate olanzapine or sertraline including significant bradycardia (heart rate of <50 bpm), and serum sodium level of 129mmol/L or below.
10. History of non-response of the index episode of psychotic depression to at least a 6-week trial of at least 150mg/day sertraline combined with 15mg/day olanzapine
11. Patients showing ongoing improvement in current episode of psychotic depression with treatment other than sertraline or olanzapine
12. Patients who are in immediate need of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) (imminent risk of suicide, refusing to eat, catatonic)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Sertraline + Olanzapine; Randomized to continue with sertraline and olanzapine under double-blind conditions.	Drug: Sertraline + Olanzapine; Olanzapine 15mg/day. Adjustment of dose to 5mg/day to a maximum of 20mg/day will be permitted if necessitated by significant side-effects or clinical worsening; Other Names: Zyprexa
Placebo Comparator: Sertraline + Placebo; Randomized to continue with sertraline and substitute placebo for olanzapine under double-blind conditions.	Drug: Sertraline + Placebo; Taper from current dose of olanzapine to placebo over 4 weeks. Continue placebo for remainder of 36 week study.; Other Names: Placebo

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Subjects at Risk of Relapse During the Randomized Phase.	Relapse criteria include at least one of the following: 1)Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic Statistical Manual #4 Trade Revision (DSM-IV-TR) Axis 1 Disorders (SCID) symptoms of major depression maintained over two weeks 2)17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score of >17 maintained for more than one week + a mean increase of 5 points from entry into randomized phase 3)Re-emergence of psychosis for more than one week, with a SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) score of >2 on delusion or hallucination severity items 4)Significant clinical worsening defined as either emergence of high-risk of suicide, and/or development of mania for greater than one week, and/or psychiatric hospitalization.	From entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks or earlier relapse

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes in Metabolic Measures: Weight	Change in weight from entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks.	From entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks
Changes in Metabolic Measure: Cholesterol	Change in cholesterol from entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks.	From entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks
Changes in Metabolic Measures: Triglycerides	Change in triglycerides from entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks.	From entry into randomized phase (baseline) and 36 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Weill Medical College of Cornell University
• Collaborators: University of Pittsburgh; University of Toronto; University of Massachusetts, Worcester
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: George Alexopoulos, MD, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Principal Investigator: Alastair Flint, MD, University of Toronto; Principal Investigator: Anthony Rothschild, MD, University of Massachusetts, Worcester; Principal Investigator: Ellen Whyte, MD, University of Pittsburgh

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Voineskos AN, Mulsant BH, Dickie EW, Neufeld NH, Rothschild AJ, Whyte EM, Meyers BS, Alexopoulos GS, Hoptman MJ, Lerch JP, Flint AJ. Effects of Antipsychotic Medication on Brain Structure in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder and Psychotic Features: Neuroimaging Findings in the Context of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Jul 1;77(7):674-683. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.0036.
• Flint AJ, Meyers BS, Rothschild AJ, Whyte EM, Alexopoulos GS, Rudorfer MV, Marino P, Banerjee S, Pollari CD, Wu Y, Voineskos AN, Mulsant BH; STOP-PD II Study Group. Effect of Continuing Olanzapine vs Placebo on Relapse Among Patients With Psychotic Depression in Remission: The STOP-PD II Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019 Aug 20;322(7):622-631. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.10517.
• Bingham KS, Whyte EM, Mulsant BH, Rothschild AJ, Rudorfer MV, Marino P, Banerjee S, Butters MA, Alexopoulos GS, Meyers BS, Flint AJ; STOP-PD Study Group. Health-related quality of life in remitted psychotic depression✰. J Affect Disord. 2019 Sep 1;256:373-379. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.05.068. Epub 2019 May 28.
• Flint AJ, Meyers BS, Rothschild AJ, Whyte EM, Mulsant BH, Rudorfer MV, Marino P; STOP-PD II Study Group. Sustaining remission of psychotic depression: rationale, design and methodology of STOP-PD II. BMC Psychiatry. 2013 Jan 25;13:38. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-13-38.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: October 1, 2011
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 30, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): November 30, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 30, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 31, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): September 1, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 5, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 13, 2019
• Last Verified: February 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Mood Disorders; Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders; Bipolar and Related Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Psychotic Disorders; Mental Disorders; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Central Nervous System Depressants; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Antiemetics; Gastrointestinal Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Tranquilizing Agents; Psychotropic Drugs; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Membrane Transport Modulators; Serotonin Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Olanzapine; Sertraline
• Other Study ID Numbers: STOP-PD-II

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No