Pilot Study of Diflunisal in HIV-infected Adults

Diflunisal is an anti-inflammatory drug (like ASA or ibuprofen) that has been used as a painkiller for 20 years. Recent research shows that it may have an anti-HIV effect in the laboratory. Approximately 20 HIV-infected adults who are not receiving antiretroviral therapy will be given diflunisal by mouth twice daily for 4 weeks, at a dose that has been shown to be safe when used to treat pain. Subjects will be monitored closely for safety and will have frequent blood tests during the study to see if the drug has any effect on the level of HIV in their blood.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: HIV Infection
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Diflunisal

Detailed Description

Following informed consent, potential subjects will undergo a screening visit to determine study eligibility. Within 2 weeks of screening, they will undergo a Day 1 visit for blood testing. At the Day 8 visit on the following Monday, after study visit procedures have been completed, they will commence taking diflunisal 500 mg twice daily by mouth for 4 weeks (Days 8-36, study treatment period), during which they will be seen once a week for blood tests. Following the last dose of diflunisal which will be taken on the morning of Day 36, they will be seen for blood tests after 1 week off the study drug (Days 43, washout phase), and again for a final visit after 2 weeks off study drug, on Day 50.

Subjects will be instructed to take diflunisal 500 mg by mouth in two doses approximately 12 hours apart (+ or - 1 hour), with or without food. A 2-week supply will be dispensed on Days 8 and 22. Study medication bottles (empty or not) will be returned to the clinic on Days 22 and 36. Pill counts will be performed to assess adherence. Adherence will further be evaluated by measuring diflunisal drug levels in plasma samples collected weekly starting at the baseline visit, and assayed at the end of the study.

After the subject has provided informed consent, a screening visit will be performed including a complete medical history and record of concomitant medications to determine study eligibility. Complete physical exam, CBC, platelet count, serum creatinine and estimated GFR, serum potassium, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, CD4 cell count, and pregnancy test for women of child-bearing potential will be performed at the screening visit and repeated at the final study visit. At each study visit, blood will be drawn for HIV RNA, and a serum sample will be collected and stored for measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP), d-dimer, and possibly other inflammatory biomarkers. Plasma (for diflunisal drug level measurement) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's) will be collected and stored weekly from the baseline visit to Day 50. PBMC's will be frozen and shipped in batches to Eric Verdin, MD at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology (1650 Owens St San Francisco, CA 94158, USA) for analysis of T cell subsets (naïve, memory CD4 and CD8 T cells) and levels of protein acetylation (histone or other) as a surrogate marker of drug activity. Adverse events and concomitant medications will be recorded at the baseline visit and updated weekly.

After completion of the final study visit, subjects will be compensated for their time in the amount of $500. Subjects who need to discontinue the study early, e.g. due to significant clinical or laboratory adverse events related to the study drug, will receive the full stipend at the end of their participation in the study. Subjects who choose to withdraw from the study early or who are withdrawn for study noncompliance will not be eligible to receive the stipend. Subjects who require ongoing reimbursement for travel expenses to enable them to attend study visits will receive advances on their stipend upon providing receipts for parking, etc.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 8
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • British Columbia
    • Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
      • Immunodeficiency Clinic, St. Paul's Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 19 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult men and women aged 19 years or over
2. HIV positive by ELISA and Western blot, at least 3 months prior to screening
3. No antiretroviral therapy within 3 months prior to screening
4. Plasma HIV RNA (viral load) > 2,500 copies/mL at screening
5. Current CD4 cell count >350 cells/mm3 at screening
6. Adequate renal function as demonstrated by eGFR >60 mL/min. at screening

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnancy or breast-feeding
2. Any HIV-associated symptom or condition (e.g. nephropathy) for which standard antiretroviral therapy is indicated immediately
3. History of peptic ulcer and/or gastrointestinal bleeding
4. Allergy to ASA, other salicylates, or NSAIDs
5. Currently receiving treatment with an ACE inhibitor, ASA, anticoagulants, antacids containing aluminum hydroxide, cyclosporine, diuretics, systemic glucocorticoids, lithium, methotrexate, or other NSAIDs
6. Significant hepatic impairment or active liver disease - screening AST, ALT, or bilirubin >2.5x upper limit of normal (ULN)
7. Hyperkalemia - screening serum potassium >5.5 mmol/L
8. Anemia - screening hemoglobin <85 g/L

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Diflunisal	Drug: Diflunisal; Open-label diflunisal 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in plasma HIV RNA level	Plasma HIV RNA changes between baseline and end of 4-week treatment, and between end of treatment and end of 2-week washout	between baseline and end of 4-week treatment, and between end of treatment and end of 2-week washout

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Clinical adverse events including serious adverse events		from screening until final study visit on Day 50
Clinically significant changes in laboratory parameters	changes in complete blood count (CBC), platelets; serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR); AST, ALT, total bilirubin; serum potassium; CD4 cell count	between screening and Day 50
Slope of HIV RNA change		during 4-week treatment and 2-week washout phases
Changes in inflammatory biomarkers	Changes in C-reactive protein (CRP), d-dimer, possibly other biomarkers	during 4-week treatment and 2-week washout phases
Changes in T cell subsets	Changes in naïve and memory CD4 and CD8 cells	during 4-week treatment and 2-week washout phases
Changes in protein acetylation (histone or other) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)		during 4-week treatment and 2-week washout phases

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of British Columbia
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Julio Montaner, MD, Providence Health Care/ University of British Columbia

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 12, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): October 12, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 28, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 28, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): August 30, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 27, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 25, 2017
• Last Verified: October 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: diflunisal; anti-inflammatory agents, non-steroidal; antiviral agents
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Blood-Borne Infections; Communicable Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Lentivirus Infections; Retroviridae Infections; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immune System Diseases; HIV Infections; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Diflunisal
• Other Study ID Numbers: H11-03547 (Other Identifier: UBC/Providence Health Care REB)