Mindfulness and Acceptance Applied in Colleges Through Web-Based Guided Self-Help

Mindfulness and Acceptance Applied in Colleges Through Web-Based Guided Self-Help (Phase 1)

College counseling centers (CCCs) are being faced with increasing demands for services to meet the treatment needs of their students, in the context of increasingly severe cases and declining resources. Innovative, cost effective solutions are needed.

The proposed project seeks to meet these needs by testing a web-based guided self-help version of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), an evidence-based transdiagnostic therapy found to effectively treat a range of psychological problems. An ACT program would provide a means of implementing effective treatment for the range of problems in the CCC setting, while the guided self-help format would reduce counselors' workload, improving cost-effectiveness and reducing waiting lists. This would both treat students and train counselors in how to implement the ACT intervention. Three self-help lessons have been developed, as well as a counselor portal to review students' use of the program and to receive training on implementing ACT guided self-help.

The study is a pre-post, open(i.e., non-randomized) feasibility trial with 20 counselors and 60 clients from multiple CCCs throughout the country.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: College Student Mental Health
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Web-Based Guided Self-Help

Detailed Description

Nearly half of all college students have a diagnosable mental health problem. College counseling centers (CCCs) are faced with increasing demands for services from Universities, students, and parents to meet the treatment needs of their students, in the context of increasingly severe cases and declining resources. Innovative, cost effective solutions are needed that can improve treatment effectiveness with a range of presenting problems while reducing counselor workloads.

The current project seeks to meet these needs by recruiting participants at several CCCs throughout the country to test a web-based guided self-help version of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, an evidence-based transdiagnostic therapy that has been found to effectively treat a range of mental health problems by targeting experiential avoidance, the tendency to avoid unwanted emotions and negative thoughts. An ACT program would provide a means of implementing effective treatment for the range of problems encountered in the CCC setting, while the online guided self-help format would reduce counselors' workload for each client, improving cost effectiveness and reducing waiting lists. This product would both treat students through a series of self-help modules and train CCC counselors in how to implement the guided self-help ACT intervention.

For the current phase (Phase I) of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant, three self-help modules (mindfulness, acceptance of difficult thoughts and feelings, and values exploration) have been developed, as well as a counselor portal to review students' use of the program and to receive training on implementing ACT guided self-help. The current study is a pre-post feasibility trial with at least 20 counselors and 60 clients (3 student clients per CCC counselor) from different CCCs throughout the country. The study is an open trial in which all counselors and clients will use the program and complete assessments and pre and post. The study will examine the initial feasibility, efficacy and acceptability of the program with both students and counselors. These findings will inform the development of a final commercial program to be marketed to CCCs.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 113
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Massachusetts
    • Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, 01609
      • Worcester Polytechnic Institute Student Development and Counseling Center
  • Michigan
    • East Lansing, Michigan, United States, 48824
      • Michigan State University Counseling Center
  • North Carolina
    • Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27599
      • University of North Carolina Counseling and Psychological Services
  • Rhode Island
    • Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02906
      • Rhode Island School of DesignOffice of Student Development and Counseling Services

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria for Counselors:

• Currently working at a College Counseling Center
• Willingness to take the ACT guided self-help training through the counselor portal until reaching a passing criterion of 80%
• Willingness to distribute flyers about the study to five students, in an attempt to recruit 3 clients to participate in the self-help modules

Exclusion Criteria for Counselors:

• Prior participation in this study

Inclusion Criteria for Student Clients:

• Currently being treated at a College Counseling Center
• Willingness to participate in three half-hour modules as part of a web-based guided self-help program and complete pre and post assessments across a period of 4 weeks
• Referred to the study/self-help modules by counselor
• Participation will comply with targeted enrollment plans, and attention will be paid to selecting an ethnically/racially diverse group
• Student is clinically stable as per counselor judgment (e.g., not actively suicidal, psychotic, or disruptive)

Exclusion Criteria for Student Clients:

• Under 18
• Lack of fluency in English 7th grade level
• Prior participation in this study
• Students with current psychotic disorders, risk of harm to self or others, or needing close medical and/or psychiatric oversight will be excluded, based on counselor assessment.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Web-Based Guided Self-Help; The study is an open trial and all participants will be assigned to the same intervention arm.

Behavioral: Web-Based Guided Self-Help; The intervention will involve counselors using the web-based guided self-help program with their student clients. Counselors will complete a web-based training followed by a period of time in which they will monitor and guide students in completing the program. Students will access a series of three web-based "lessons" in which they will receive an intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) focused on personal values, acceptance of difficult emotions, and mindfulness.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
System Usability Scale	Program usability/acceptability will be a primary outcome measure for this study for both counselors and students using the program.	Post (Counselors 10 weeks after baseline; Student clients 4 weeks after baseline)
Program Knowledge Questionnaire	We will examine whether counselors and students improve in their knowledge of ACT concepts after going through the program to assess initial feasibility of the prototype program.	Baseline to Post (Counselors 10 weeks after baseline; Student clients 4 weeks after baseline)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale	The initial efficacy of the prototype intervention will be examined with students by looking at changes from pre to post on depression, anxiety and stress.	Baseline to Post (Student clients 4 weeks after baseline)
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire	We will examine whether students improve on mindfulness variables (observing, acting with awareness, and being nonjudgmental) after using the program as a secondary process measure.	Baseline to Post (Student clients 4 weeks after baseline)
Personal Values Questionnaire	We will examine whether students improve in their connection to and engagement in personal values after completing the program as a secondary process measure.	Baseline to Post (Student clients 4 weeks after baseline)
Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II	We will examine whether students improve on a measure of psychological flexibility after completing the program as a secondary process measure.	Baseline to Post (Student clients 4 weeks after baseline)
Satisfaction With Life Scale	We will examine whether students improve on a measure of satisfaction with life after completing the program as a secondary outcome measure.	Baseline to Post (Student clients 4 weeks after baseline)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Contextual Change LLC
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Michael E. Levin, M.A., Contextual Change LLC; Principal Investigator: Jacqueline Pistorello, Ph.D., Contextual Change LLC

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: February 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): September 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 6, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 8, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): March 11, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 29, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 27, 2014
• Last Verified: January 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Mindfulness; Guided Self-Help; College
• Other Study ID Numbers: R43AT006952 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)