Bone Healing in Healthy and Post-menopausal Osteoporotic Women

A Clinical/Real Time Model of Intramembranous Jawbone Healing in Post-menopausal Osteoporotic and Non-osteoporotic Women. A Pilot Study.

Both the pathogenesis and the treatment of osteoporosis may potentially interfere at different levels on the multi-stage complex cascade of events involved in bone healing/regeneration. To our knowledge no human studies have been performed to clarify the potential effect of osteoporosis on post-extraction alveolar healing. The primary outcome of the study is to compare alveolar bone changes in width and height 3 months after tooth extraction in 10 post-menopausal osteoporotic women and 10 post menopausal non osteoporotic women by the use of cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) images. The secondary outcomes considered are: clinical changes in the external contour of the ridge and periodontal parameters in the neighbouring teeth after a tooth extraction and 3 months later. In addition the accuracy of panoramic morphometric indexes in detecting osteoporosis will be measured.

Study Overview

• Status: Withdrawn
• Conditions: Post-menopausal Osteoporosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: tooth extraction; Radiation: CBCT scan; Radiation: DXA scan; Radiation: Panoramic radiograph

Detailed Description

Despite some contradictory results, there is significant pre-clinical evidence, mainly deriving from fracture studies, of a delay in bone formation together with a decrease in bone mineral density and mechanical resistance in osteoporotic-like conditions. Very few human data are available, mainly deriving from retrospective speculations, but they seem to confirm the existence of a delay in consolidation subsequent to bone fractures, a higher rate of orthopedic complications and a reduction in mechanical strength. Some pre-clinical and clinical studies have also supported a negative effect of osteoporosis on bone graft healing and implant success, but controversial opinions exist.

A useful model to study the influence of osteoporosis on bone healing is the post-extraction socket healing, with consideration of the absence of cartilage formation, the short period needed to heal and its clinical relevance.

The animal studies reported controversial results, but a general reduction and a delay in bone formation with an increase in bone turnover was usually observed in ovariectomized rats. No human studies have clarified the effect of osteoporosis on post-extraction alveolar healing. This pilot study will try to shed light on this topic.

As there are no similar studies in the literature, we estimated that 10 post-menopausal osteoporotic women (test) and 10 healthy pre or post-menopausal women (control) would be a convenient sample to collect enough data for our purpose. This will also allow us to collect information about the variance to power a further study (if needed).

In this study, women who need the extraction of a single tooth due to fracture, destroying caries, periodontitis, endodontic or prosthetic reasons will be included. The tooth should present at least 30% of its periodontal attachment preserved. All the patients will be provided a full-mouth diagnosis of soft and hard tissues, detailed hygiene instructions and the careful removal of plaque and tartar in a highly controlled research environment as part of the project and all the treatment will be free of charge. Subjects of the test group will be recruited among newly diagnosed post-menopausal osteoporotic women attending the Rheumatology clinic at the University College of London Hospital, whilst subjects of the control group will be recruited among healthy women attending the Eastman Dental Institute. Written informed consent will be obtained prior to any clinical evaluation. Differences between test and control groups will be assessed at each time interval using either parametric (if data are normally distributed with approximately equal variances) or non-parametric tests.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • London, United Kingdom, WC1X 8LD
    • Eastman Clinical Investigation Centre

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Caucasian women, > 50 years old
• women referring to have reached a menopause status, defined as the permanent cessation of the ovulation, since at least 1 year and presenting a diagnosis of osteoporosis based on dual X-rays energy absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of the bone mineral density at the femur neck or lateral spine (t value 2.5 SD or more below the young female adult mean) (TEST GROUP)
• women in menopausal status since at least 1 year and with normal bone mineral density, as assessed by DXA scan (CONTROL GROUP)
• subjects needing a tooth extraction. The tooth to extract should present at least 30% of its attachment level preserved. Wisdom teeth are excluded from this study
• Subjects must have voluntarily signed the informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or taking any other drugs (except Vit D and calcium) for the treatment of osteoporosis (e.g. biphosphonates)
• on chronic treatment (i.e., two weeks or more) with any medication known to affect oral status (e.g., phenytoin, cyclosporine, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) within one month from baseline visit.
• affected by systemic diseases recognized to affect bone metabolism (e.g. Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, non-controlled diabetes mellitus, leukemia, pernicious anemia, malabsorption syndromes, chronic liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis..)
• on therapy with drugs that can affect bone metabolism (e.g. glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants, anticoagulants, benzodiazepines, cytotoxic drugs, immunosuppressants..)
• affected by any known diseases, infections or recent surgical procedures within 30 days of study initiation.
• knowingly have HIV or Hepatitis
• history of local radiation therapy
• affected by limited mental capacity or language skills such that study information cannot be understood, informed consent cannot be obtained, or simple instructions cannot be followed.
• presented an acute endodontic lesion in the test tooth or in the neighbouring areas to the experimental procedure
• smokers
• suffering from a known psychological disorder

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Other: post-menopausal osteoporotic women; Subjects of test group will follow a tooth extraction and they will perform a CBCT scan within 10 days from the extraction and after 3 months (+/-15 days)	Procedure: tooth extraction; Patients from both groups will follow the extraction of an hopeless tooth; Radiation: CBCT scan; A CBCT scan will be performed within 2 days from the tooth extraction at after 3 months (+/-2 days); Radiation: DXA scan; DXA scan will be performed at the hip and lumbar spine in all self-reported non-osteoporotic subjects who hasn't done one within 1 year, to confirm their normal bone mineral density. Osteoporotic subjects already have a DXA scanner.; Radiation: Panoramic radiograph; As basic standard of care, a panoramic radiograph will be performed to both test and control subjects who haven't done one within the previous year, in order to give them a full-mouth dental diagnosis
Active Comparator: non-osteoporotic post-menopausal women; Subjects of the control group will follow a tooth extraction and will perform a CBCT scan within 2 days from the extraction and after 3 months (+/- 2 days)	Procedure: tooth extraction; Patients from both groups will follow the extraction of an hopeless tooth; Radiation: CBCT scan; A CBCT scan will be performed within 2 days from the tooth extraction at after 3 months (+/-2 days); Radiation: DXA scan; DXA scan will be performed at the hip and lumbar spine in all self-reported non-osteoporotic subjects who hasn't done one within 1 year, to confirm their normal bone mineral density. Osteoporotic subjects already have a DXA scanner.; Radiation: Panoramic radiograph; As basic standard of care, a panoramic radiograph will be performed to both test and control subjects who haven't done one within the previous year, in order to give them a full-mouth dental diagnosis

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
alveolar bone width and height alveolar bone changes in width and height	By the use of CBCT scans, alveolar bone changes in width and height will be recorded just after tooth extraction and 3 months later	within 10 days from tooth extraction and at 3 months (+/- 15 days)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
- Clinical changes of soft and hard tissue and of periodontal parameters in the neighbouring teeth; - Accuracy of panoramic morphometric indexes in detecting osteoporosis	By the use of a probe, periodontal parameters in the neighbouring teeth and relevant clinical changes of the alveolar ridge will be recorded; On a panoramic radiograph quantitative and qualitative indexes will be calculated and their accuracy in detecting osteoporosis assessed	after tooth extraction (once the coagulation has been allowed) and at 3 months (+/- 15 days)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University College, London
• Investigators: Study Chair: Nikolaos Donos, Professor, UCL Eastman Dental Institute

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Cortet B. Bone repair in osteoporotic bone: postmenopausal and cortisone-induced osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Jun;22(6):2007-10. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1612-3.
• Shimizu M, Furuya R, Kawawa T, Sasaki T. Bone wound healing after maxillary molar extraction in ovariectomized aged rats: quantitative backscattered electron image analysis. Anat Rec. 2000 May 1;259(1):76-85. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0185(20000501)259:13.0.CO;2-0.
• Tanaka S, Shimizu M, Debari K, Furuya R, Kawawa T, Sasaki T. Acute effects of ovariectomy on wound healing of alveolar bone after maxillary molar extraction in aged rats. Anat Rec. 2001 Feb 1;262(2):203-12. doi: 10.1002/1097-0185(20010201)262:23.0.CO;2-#.
• He YX, Zhang G, Pan XH, Liu Z, Zheng LZ, Chan CW, Lee KM, Cao YP, Li G, Wei L, Hung LK, Leung KS, Qin L. Impaired bone healing pattern in mice with ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis: A drill-hole defect model. Bone. 2011 Jun 1;48(6):1388-400. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2011.03.720. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
• Erdogan O, Shafer DM, Taxel P, Freilich MA. A review of the association between osteoporosis and alveolar ridge augmentation. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 Dec;104(6):738.e1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.04.008. Epub 2007 Jul 26.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 1, 2014
• Study Completion: November 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 26, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 3, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): April 8, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 27, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 25, 2017
• Last Verified: October 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: tooth extraction; intramembranous bone healing; post-menopausal osteoporosis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Metabolic Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Bone Diseases; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
• Other Study ID Numbers: OsteoporosisTrial