Influence of Biopsychosocial Factors and Central Sensitization in Predicting the Recovery of Chronic Shoulder Pain

March 24, 2020 updated by: Alejandro Luque-Suarez, University of Malaga

The Influence of Biopsychosocial Factors and Peripheral and/or Central Sensitization in Predicting the Recovery of Chronic Shoulder Pain: a Prospective Cohort Study. Study Protocol

Background: Shoulder pain is the third most common musculoskeletal condition presenting to physicians or physiotherapists ) in primary healthcare after low back and neck pain being a significant cause of morbidity and functional disability in both working and general population. Despite the large group of individuals seeking for primary care services, about 50% of patients with shoulder pain still report persistent pain after 12-18 months. As a result, socio-economic burdens are considerable due to extensive use of heath care services, sickness absence, disability pension, and loss of productivity as well as, patient´s suffering.

Aims: the primary aim of this study was to evaluate what biopsychosocial factors predict a better and/or poor outcome in patients with Chronic shoulder pain. The secondary aim was to analyze the role of central sensitization in predicting a better and/or poor outcome in patients with Chronic shoulder pain.

Hypothesis:

  1. A high level of physical inactivity, kinesiophobia, fear avoidance and pain catastrophizing and low level of self-efficacy will ease the perpetuation of Chronic shoulder pain.
  2. The presence of central sensitization will predict a poor outcome in patients with chronic shoulder pain.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The present study will be a 24 months multi-center, double-blind, prospective, cohort study which will be carried out between April 2016 and March 2018. Subjects diagnosed of rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy, adhesive capsulitis (AC), glenohumeral instability, superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) lesion, and/or acromioclavicular pathology and fulfill the inclusion criteria will be asked for participating in the investigators study. Several questionnaires that will test the influence of different biopsychosocial factors and the presence of Central Sensitization will be administrated to these subjects. The outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 5 follow-ups (after 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, t1-t6).

Subjects will attend for their routine clinical appointment. The examiners will carry out the clinical consultation according to usual practice. Subjects who fulfill the selection criteria will be asked whether they wish to be considered for trial participation. Examiners will inform subjects who are interested in participation. Ineligible subjects and those who do not wish to participate in the trial will receive normal clinical care delivered by clinicians according to the best clinical practice.

Anonymized age, gender and visual analogue scale (VAS)- verbal numeric rating scale (VNRS) for pain will be collected for those subjects who decline to take part in the project, in order to assess the external validity of the recruited sample of subjects.

Eligible patients who are interested in the trial will be asked to provide written informed consent to participate. The examiners will allocate the participants in an unique study group. Participants will then complete several questionnaires at baseline, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the beginning of the study. A blinded examiner will deliver these questionnaires. Subsequent sessions will occur at the follow-up visits. Participants will be asked about any problems they had had during the previous months before following-up. There will be brief discussion about whether participants have subjected for any treatment (physical, pharmacological, injection and/or no treatment).

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

90

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

16 years to 68 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Subjects between 18-70 years with chronic shoulder pain

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Men / women aged between 18 and 70 years.
  2. Patients suffering from shoulder pain, defined as pain presented or exacerbated by movements in the shoulder, pain intensity = 2 measured by a numerical scale with values from 0 to 10, meaning 0= no pain and 10= the worst pain, will be included in this study, among all these following shoulder pain conditions: (i) rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy ; (ii) adhesive capsulitis (AC) ; (iii) glenohumeral instability ; (iv) SLAP lesion; (v) and/or acromioclavicular pathology. Subjects will not be required to undergo diagnostic imaging (i.e MRI) to diagnosis the pathology because of the recruitment will be carried out by clinical findings.
  3. Duration of symptoms: greater than 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Recent shoulder dislocation (1 year prior) and/or systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia and/or polymyalgia rheumatica.
  2. Shoulder pain considered to be originated in the cervical region and other traumas or if there is a neurological dysfunction (i.e multiple sclerosis), osteoporosis, hemophilia and / or cancer.
  3. Inability to provide informed consent and/or complete written questionnaires.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Prospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Chronic Shoulder Pain
  1. Men / women aged between 18 and 70 years.
  2. Patients suffering from shoulder pain, defined as pain presented or exacerbated by movements in the shoulder, pain intensity ≥ 2 measured by a numerical scale with values from 0 to 10, meaning 0= no pain and 10= the worst pain, will be included in this study, among all these following shoulder pain conditions: (i) Rotator Cuff tendinopathy; (ii) Adhesive Capsulitis; (iii) glenohumeral instability; (iv) SLAP lesion; (v) and/or acromioclavicular pathology. Subjects will not be required to undergo diagnostic imaging (i.e. Magnetic Resonance Imaging) to diagnosis the pathology because of the recruitment will be carried out by clinical findings.
  3. Duration of symptoms: greater than 3 months.
The present study will be a 24 months multi-center, triple-blind, prospective, cohort study which will be carried out between April 2016 and March 2018. Subjects diagnosed of rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy, adhesive capsulitis (AC), glenohumeral instability, SLAP lesion, and/or acromioclavicular pathology and fulfill the inclusion criteria will be asked for participating in our study. Several questionnaires that will test the influence of different biopsychosocial factors and the presence of Central Sensitization will be administrated to these subjects. The outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 5 follow-ups (after 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, t1-t6).

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change from baseline The brief pain inventory short form (BIP-SF) at 3,6,12,18 and 24 months
Time Frame: Pain will be evaluated at baseline and 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months).
Pain will be assessed with The brief pain inventory short form (BIP-SF). This will be used to assess how pain interferes with patient's functioning in addition to measuring the intensity and location of pain.
Pain will be evaluated at baseline and 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months).

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change from baseline Pain catastrophizing at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months assessed with The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PSC)
Time Frame: Pain catastrophizing will be evaluated at baseline and 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months).
The catastrophic thinking bout pain will be assessed with The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PSC).
Pain catastrophizing will be evaluated at baseline and 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months).
Change from baseline Kinesiophobia at 3,6,12,18 and 24 months assessed with Tampa Scale For Kinesiophobia (TSK)
Time Frame: Kinesiophobia will be evaluated at baseline and 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months).
The fear of movement (kinesiophobia) will be assessed with Tampa Scale For Kinesiophobia (TSK).
Kinesiophobia will be evaluated at baseline and 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months).
Change from baseline Fear avoidance at 3,6,12,18 and 24 months assessed with Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ)
Time Frame: Fear avoidance will be measured at baseline at 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months)
Fear avoidance will be assessed with Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FABQ).
Fear avoidance will be measured at baseline at 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months)
Change from baseline Self-efficacy at 3,6,12,18 and 24 months assessed with Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)
Time Frame: Self-efficacy will be measured at baseline at 5 follo-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months)
Self-efficacy will be assessed with Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)
Self-efficacy will be measured at baseline at 5 follo-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months)
Change from baseline Shoulder Function at 3,6,12,18 and 24 months assessed with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)
Time Frame: Function will be measured at baseline and 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months)
Function will be assessed with Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)
Function will be measured at baseline and 5 follow-ups (3,6,12,18 and 24 months)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

November 1, 2016

Primary Completion (Actual)

November 1, 2019

Study Completion (Actual)

March 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 5, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 8, 2016

First Posted (Estimate)

April 14, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 25, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 24, 2020

Last Verified

October 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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