Type 2 Diabetes Affect Exercise Induced Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity (HIT)

Does a Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Affect Exercise Induced Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity?

This study investigates whether: (i) a family history of type 2 diabetes affects exercise induced improvements in insulin sensitivity. (ii) being prediabetic affects exercise induced improvements in glycemic control. (iii) sex differences affect exercise induced improvements in glycemic control.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Insulin Sensitivity/Resistance
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: 8 weeks of combined exercise intervention

Detailed Description

A family history of T2D (FH+) is a risk factor for developing insulin resistance (which precedes T2D) and T2D (Ryder et al., 2003). Exercise training on the other hand has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and is highly effective to prevent/manage T2D. However it is not known if early signs of insulin resistance appear before being clinically diagnosed and if the benefits of exercise which prevent/cure T2D, are limited to the offspring of Hispanic T2D parents. Therefore, the proposed study will determine 1) if normoglycemic (normal blood glucose) offspring of T2D parents are insulin resistant, using the gold standard method to measure insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility (ability to switch between carbohydrate and fat oxidation) 2) if 8 weeks of exercise training improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility to the same extent in FH+ compared to normoglycemic offspring of parents without any history of T2D (FH-) and 3) if 8 weeks of exercise training will change the blood, lipid and molecular profiles relevant to insulin sensitivity to same extent in FH+ compared to offspring of parents without family history of T2D (FH-). This study will also determine how differently individuals with prediabetes response to exercise compared to those with normal glucose and further investigate sex differences in cardiometabolic response to exercise training.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 50
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Texas
    • El Paso, Texas, United States, 79968
      • University of Texas at El Paso

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Sedentary/moderately active lifestyle
• Less than 150 minutes/wk. of structured exercise
• Physical activity level ≤ 1.4

Exclusion Criteria:

• Evidence of significant cardiovascular disease
• Screening blood pressure >140/90
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Use of drugs affecting energy metabolism or body weight
• Excess alcohol, drug abuse, and smoking
• Eating disorder or eating attitudes interfering with study
• Excessively or active individuals
• Unwillingness to abide by randomization
• Injury that prevents the performance of exercise

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Health Services Research
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Family history of T2D; The participants will undergo 8 weeks of combined exercise	Other: 8 weeks of combined exercise intervention; The subjects will undergo an 8 week combined exercise intervention
Experimental: No Family history of T2D; The participants will undergo 8 weeks of combined exercise	Other: 8 weeks of combined exercise intervention; The subjects will undergo an 8 week combined exercise intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Insulin sensitivity	Insulin sensitivity will be measured hyperinsulinemic -euglycemic clamp	8-weeks
Glycemic control (long term)	Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) will be measured from whole blood with a bench top chemistry analyzer	8-weeks
Glycemic control (postprandial)	Postprandial glycemic control will be measured by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)	8-weeks
Glycemic variability	Glycemic variability will be assessed with glucose monitoring	8-weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cellular mitochondria function	Cellular oxygen consumption of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) will be measured with seahorse analyzer.	8-weeks
Cytokines	Interleukin (IL)-6 will be measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	8-weeks
Blood gene expression markers of glycemic control	Blood microRNAs of glycemic control will be measured with quantitative polymerase chain reaction.	8-weeks
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers of glucose metabolism	Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) markers of glucose metabolism will assessed with flow cytometry.	8-weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Texas, El Paso
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sudip Bajpeyi, PhD., University of Texas, El Paso

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 18, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 19, 2016
• First Posted (Estimated): April 20, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 7, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 6, 2026
• Last Verified: July 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Metabolic Diseases; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Hyperinsulinism; Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases; Insulin Resistance
• Other Study ID Numbers: 755513-1