Remifentanil on Hemodynamic Response to Anesthesia Induction

Effects of Different Doses of Remifentanil on Hemodynamic Response to Anesthesia Induction in Elderly Patients

Effects of different doses of remifentanil on hemodynamic response to anesthesia induction in elderly patients ABSTRACT OBJECTİVE: The investigators compared the effects of three different doses of remifentanil infusion, which have been performed for the induction of anesthesia in elder patients, on cardiovascular response.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present study was designed as a randomized, prospective and double-blind study. A total of 90 ASA I-II patients over the age of 65 years were enrolled and each group consisted of 30 subjects. The patients were randomly (by lot) assigned to receive one of the three doses of remifentanil infusion (0.1, 0.2 or 0.3 µg/kg/min) for two minutes. Subsequently, 0.5 mg/kg propofol was administered via IV route and, 0.5 mg/kg rocuronium was administered via IV route at the time eyelash reflex disappeared. Intubation was performed after two minutes. After recording baseline values of heart rate (HR), systolic arterial pressure (SBP), diastolic arterial pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), these values were recorded at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th minutes of induction.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anesthesia
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Remi 0.1; Drug: Remi 0.2; Drug: Remi 0.3

Detailed Description

The present study was carried out after the approval of "Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, Clinical Researches Ethics Committee and informed consents of the patients were obtained. A total of 90 normotensive and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) I-II patients at and over the age of 65 years undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery were enrolled in the study. The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. The patients were randomly (sealed envelope method) assigned to one of the following groups:

Remi 0.1= dose of remifentanil for the induction of anesthesia is 0.1 µg/kg/min (n=30) Remi 0.2= dose of remifentanil for the induction of anesthesia is 0.2 µg/kg/min (n=30) Remi 0.3= dose of remifentanil for the induction of anesthesia is 0.3 µg/kg/min (n=30) The patients and the anesthesiologist, who would perform the induction of anesthesia, were blind for remifentanil dose.

In all patients, an intravenous (IV) line was opened on the dorsum of the left hand using 18-Gauge cannula before they were admitted to the surgery room and 0.9% isotonic NaCl solution was infused at a dose of 5-7 mL/kg without any agent for premedication. The patients underwent standard monitoring composed of electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximeter, noninvasive blood pressure measurement, and end tidal carbon dioxide measurement. After 5-minute stabilization period following monitoring, heart rates and systemic arterial pressures of the patients were measured and baseline values were recorded for each patient (6). Measurement of systemic arterial pressure was done by automatic oscillometry (Hewlett-Packard HP M1008B) and heart rate (HR) was calculated on the ECG trace (Hewlett-Packard HP M1002A). Induction of Anesthesia Following routine monitoring in the surgery room, induction of anesthesia was started after the patients were peroxygenized and received 0.9% isotonic NaCl solution via IV route at a dose of 5-7 mL/kg. Following intravenous (IV) administration of 0.5 mg Atropine (Atropin, Biofarma, Istanbul, Turkey) prior to the induction, the patients randomly (by lot) received one of the three different doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 µg/kg/min) of remifentanil infusion (Ultiva, Glaxo Wellcome, Marly-le-Roi, France) for two minutes. After 2-minute remifentanil infusion (remi concentration of 40 µg/mL), 0.5 mg/kg propofol ( Propofol 1% Fresenius; Fresenius Kabi, Uppsala, Sweden) was administered via IV route increasing the dose by 10 mg every 10 seconds; 0.5 mg/kg rocuronium was administered via IV route at the time of loss of eyelash reflex and consciousness (7). Two minutes later, intubation was performed at one sitting in all patients by a specialist with at least 5-year experience using Macintosh laryngoscope. The lungs were manually ventilated by sevoflurane at an inspiratory concentration of 1.5% and by 50% air/oxygen until the intubation. Infusion dose of remifentanil, which had been performed at induction dose until intubation, was decreased by 50% in all groups after intubation.

The maintenance of anesthesia was provided with remifentanil at predetermined dose and the ventilation continued with 50% air/oxygen and sevoflurane at an inspiratory concentration of 1.5% in the way target end-tidal carbon dioxide value would be 30-35 mmHg.

After recording the baseline values of heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure, which were planned to be investigated, and administering atropine, a total of six measurements at one-minute intervals were performed until the time of intubation; no measurement was performed during intubation period.

Hypotension was defined as a systolic arterial pressure < 90 mmHg or a decrease more than 30% of the baseline value, and it was treated with 5 mg IV Ephedrine (Efedrin, Osel, Istanbul, Turkey) (8). Determining 40% or higher decrease in the above-mentioned values, the dose of remifentanil infusion was decreased by 50% in addition to administration of 5 mg IV Ephedrine; in case no improvement was observed and systolic arterial pressure remained below 40% of the baseline value, the dose of remifentanil was decreased by 1/4. A heart rate < 50/min was defined as bradycardia and treated with 0.5 mg IV Atropine.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 90
• Phase: Phase 4

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 65 years to 80 years (OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Normotensive patients
• ASA I-II
• Patients over the age of 65 years
• Undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who had allergy against opioids
• Chronic benzodiazepine, opioid, alcohol or substance users
• Obese (body mass index > 30)
• Expected to have difficult airway
• Patients had hypertension
• Patients have been receiving any drug influencing the cardiovascular system (beta -adrenergic blocker, calcium channel blocker, etc.)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: TRIPLE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Remi 0.1; Following intravenous (IV) administration of 0.5 mg Atropine (Atropin, Biofarma, Istanbul, Turkey) prior to the induction, the patients randomly (by lot) received one of the three different doses [(0.1), 0.2, 0.3 µg/kg/min] of remifentanil infusion (Ultiva, Glaxo Wellcome, Marly-le-Roi, France) for two minutes.	Drug: Remi 0.1; Intravenous (IV) administration of 0.5 mg Atropine prior to the induction, the patients randomly (by lot) received one of the three different doses (0.1 µg/kg/min) of remifentanil infusion for two minutes.After 2-minute remifentanil infusion, 0.5 mg/kg propofol was administered via IV route increasing the dose by 10 mg every 10 seconds; 0.5 mg/kg rocuronium was administered via IV route at the time of loss of eyelash reflex and consciousness. Two minutes later, intubation was performed. After recording the baseline values of heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure, which were planned to be investigated, and administering atropine, a total of six measurements at one-minute intervals were performed until the time of intubation.; Other Names: remifentanil, Ultiva, Glaxo Wellcome, Marly-le-Roi, France
EXPERIMENTAL: Remi 0.2; Following intravenous (IV) administration of 0.5 mg Atropine (Atropin, Biofarma, Istanbul, Turkey) prior to the induction, the patients randomly (by lot) received one of the three different doses [0.1, (0.2), 0.3 µg/kg/min] of remifentanil infusion (Ultiva, Glaxo Wellcome, Marly-le-RoiFrance) for two minutes.	Drug: Remi 0.2; .Intravenous (IV) administration of 0.5 mg Atropine prior to the induction, the patients randomly (by lot) received one of the three different doses (0.2 µg/kg/min) of remifentanil infusion for two minutes.After 2-minute remifentanil infusion, 0.5 mg/kg propofol was administered via IV route increasing the dose by 10 mg every 10 seconds; 0.5 mg/kg rocuronium was administered via IV route at the time of loss of eyelash reflex and consciousness. Two minutes later, intubation was performed. After recording the baseline values of heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure, which were planned to be investigated, and administering atropine, a total of six measurements at one-minute intervals were performed until the time of intubation.; Other Names: remifentanil, Ultiva, Glaxo Wellcome, Marly-le-Roi, France
EXPERIMENTAL: Remi 0.3; Following intravenous (IV) administration of 0.5 mg Atropine (Atropin, Biofarma, Istanbul, Turkey) prior to the induction, the patients randomly (by lot) received one of the three different doses [0.1, 0.2, (0.3) µg/kg/min] of remifentanil infusion (Ultiva, Glaxo Wellcome, Marly-le-Roi, France) for two minutes.	Drug: Remi 0.3; Intravenous (IV) administration of 0.5 mg Atropine prior to the induction, the patients randomly (by lot) received one of the three different doses (0.3 µg/kg/min) of remifentanil infusion for two minutes.After 2-minute remifentanil infusion, 0.5 mg/kg propofol was administered via IV route increasing the dose by 10 mg every 10 seconds; 0.5 mg/kg rocuronium was administered via IV route at the time of loss of eyelash reflex and consciousness. Two minutes later, intubation was performed. After recording the baseline values of heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure, which were planned to be investigated, and administering atropine, a total of six measurements at one-minute intervals were performed until the time of intubation.; Other Names: remifentanil, Ultiva, Glaxo Wellcome, Marly-le-Roi,

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Measurement was performed using physiological parameters. After recording baseline values of systolic arterial pressure (SBP), these values were recorded at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th minutes of induction.	Aim to identify the remifentanil dose that we can recommend. To determine hemodynamic changes likely to occur while using three different doses of remifentanil in the induction of anesthesia in the patients at and over the age of 65 years. Physiological parameters; measurement of systemic arterial pressure was done by automatic oscillometry (Hewlett-Packard HP M1008B).	Five minutes
Measurement was performed using physiological parameters. After recording baseline values of diastolic arterial pressure (DBP), these values were recorded at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th minutes of induction.	Aim to identify the remifentanil dose that we can recommend. To determine hemodynamic changes likely to occur while using three different doses of remifentanil in the induction of anesthesia in the patients at and over the age of 65 years. Physiological parameters; measurement of diastolic arterial pressure was done by automatic oscillometry (Hewlett-Packard HP M1008B).	Five minutes
Measurement was performed using physiological parameters. After recording baseline values of mean arterial pressure (MBP), these values were recorded at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th minutes of induction.	Aim to identify the remifentanil dose that we can recommend. To determine hemodynamic changes likely to occur while using three different doses of remifentanil in the induction of anesthesia in the patients at and over the age of 65 years. Physiological parameters; measurement of mean arterial pressure was done by automatic oscillometry (Hewlett-Packard HP M1008B).	Five minutes
Measurement was performed using physiological parameters. After recording baseline values of heart rate (HR), these values were recorded at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th minutes of induction.	Aim to identify the remifentanil dose that we can recommend. To determine hemodynamic changes likely to occur while using three different doses of remifentanil in the induction of anesthesia in the patients at and over the age of 65 years. Physiological parameters; measurement of heart rate was calculated on the ECG trace (Hewlett-Packard HP M1002A).	Five minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Dokuz Eylul University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Nilay Boztas, MD, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Inciraltı IZMIR 35320

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Boztas N, Oztekin S, Ozkardesler S, Akan M, Ozbilgin S, Baytok A. Effects of different doses of remifentanil on hemodynamic response to anesthesia induction in healthy elderly patients. Curr Med Res Opin. 2017 Jan;33(1):85-90. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1239189. Epub 2016 Oct 17. Erratum In: Curr Med Res Opin. 2017 Nov;33(11):1913.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2014
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 13, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 4, 2016
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): May 5, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): May 5, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 4, 2016
• Last Verified: May 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: remifentanil; cardiovascular responses; analgesics opioid
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Central Nervous System Depressants; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Analgesics, Opioid; Narcotics; Remifentanil
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2012/25-04

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES