Effects of Water-Based Exercise in Women With Metabolic Syndrome

Effects of Water-Based Aerobic Training, Resistance Training and Concurrent Training in Women With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The objective of the present study was to compare the neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and metabolic effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training, strength training and combined training in the aquatic environment in women with MS. For this purpose, 51 postmenopausal, sedentary and MS women were randomly divided into three intervention groups: hydro-aerobic (HA, n = 18, 63.77 ± 5.03 years), hydro-power (HF, n = 16, 61.01 ± 4.93 years) and hydro-combined (HC; n = 17; 60.52 ± 6.91). A subsample participated in eight weeks without physical exercise to characterize a control period. The three intervention groups performed two weekly sessions of 60 minutes for 12 weeks. Before and after the training period, blood tests, muscle strength tests, cardiorespiratory evaluation, functional tests and a questionnaire were performed. For statistical analysis, the Generalized Estimates Equations (GEE) model was used, using the "group" and the "time" as factors. The Bonferroni post hoc was used to locate the differences and the significance index adopted was α = 0.05.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Exercise

Detailed Description

Water-based exercise as a mode of aquatic exercise has been highlighted in the scientific literature. Research on different models of training, aerobic, muscle strength and combined (aerobic and muscle strength), have already demonstrated their beneficial effects on different physical abilities. Recent studies indicate benefits of water-based exercise for the population with metabolic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemias and obesity. However, for subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS) there are few studies that investigated which training model in the aquatic environment could generate physical and metabolic improvements.

This study is characterized as a randomized clinical trial, which treated three intervention groups with physical exercise programs. A subsample participated in a period of eight weeks without physical exercise to characterize a control period. The subjects in this subsample were later randomized into the intervention groups.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 51
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: ADULT; OLDER_ADULT; CHILD
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Postmenopausal;
• Sedentary;
• Presented at least three positive components within the five possible to characterize the metabolic syndrome.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smokers.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: DOUBLE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: hydro-aerobic; Water aerobics exercise	Other: Exercise; The subjects performed training in aquatic environment
EXPERIMENTAL: hydro-power; Resistance water exercise	Other: Exercise; The subjects performed training in aquatic environment
EXPERIMENTAL: hydro-combined; Water aerobics and resistance water exercise	Other: Exercise; The subjects performed training in aquatic environment

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure	mmHg	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Strength tests: Maximum dynamic muscle strength	One repetition test: how many kilograms the subject is able to withstand on a repetition of elbow flexion and knee extension exercise	12 weeks
EMG test	Maximum isometric amplitude of the electromyographic signal of the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles	12 weeks
Time Up and go test	How long (in seconds) the subject needs to lift from a chair, walk 2.44 meters, and sit in a chair again	12 weeks
Sit and Stand test	How often in 30 seconds the subject is able to get up and sit on a chair.	12 weeks
Triglyceride levels	blood test: mg/dl	12 weeks
HDL cholesterol levels	blood test: mg/dl	12 weeks
Fasting blood glucose levels	blood test: mg/dl	12 weeks
Waist circumference	centimeters	12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
• Investigators: Study Director: Luiz F. Martins Kruel, Federal Universty of Rio Grande do Sul

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): August 1, 2016
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): December 28, 2016
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): October 10, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 22, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 4, 2017
• First Posted (ACTUAL): July 7, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): October 12, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 10, 2018
• Last Verified: October 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: water-base exercise
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Disease; Insulin Resistance; Hyperinsulinism; Syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: CEP UFRGS 1.499.603

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No