Investigation of the Relationship Between Taste Perception and Caries Activity in School Children

Four basic taste perceptions and relationship with caries are poorly investigated in children as compared to adults.

The aim of this study was to evaluate salty, sweet, bitter and sour taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: salty taste perception; Other: bitter taste perception; Other: sour taste perception; Other: sweet taste perception

Detailed Description

Study design

1. Caries risk assessment The investigators developed a questionnaire to understand the patient's overall health status, to collect demographic and socio-economic information, to assess their oral health habits. The questionnaire consists of 3 parts; first part includes questions about general health such as chronic diseases, drugs and allergies, second part includes questions about income and education level of parents, and last part includes questions about oral health knowledge, habits, diet contents and frequency, fluoride exposure. the investigators allowed the parents to fill the questionnaire.

   After the questionnaire was filled, the investigators performed the oral examination using DMFT, DMFS, dft and dfs indices according to WHO. Then, the investigators determined the oral hygiene status with Sillness&Löe Index (Silness ve Loe, 1964). the investigators estimated paraffin-stimulated salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts using CRT chairside kits (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein).

   In addition to initial questionnaire and oral examination, the investigators asked the patients to record their nutritional takings of 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day. the investigators estimated the caries risk profiles of all children using the Cariogram which is a computer-based program. Cariogram identifies three risk groups low, medium and high caries risk according the scores.

2. Taste evaluation the investigators prepared aqueous basic taste solutions of sucrose (Merck, Germany, purity >99.5%), sodium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, USA, purity >99%), caffeine (Merck, Germany, purity >99.5%), citric acid monohydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, USA, purity >99%), at two levels (1.0 ISO, 2.0 ISO) (ISO 3972:1991, 8586-1:1993) (Table 1). the investigators formulated all the solutions by using spring water in the same day of measurement at room temperature (25 ± 2°C). Each solution was coded randomly.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 200
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 6 years to 13 years (CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

- without any chronic disease such as diabetes and being ASA I or ASA II. We only included patients who had no antibiotics and drug intake within the last month.

Exclusion Criteria:

- chronic disease ASA III, IV antibiotic and drug intake within the last month

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: DIAGNOSTIC
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: TRIPLE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
OTHER: high caries risk; children with high caries -identified by cariogram to evaluate sweet taste perception, salty taste perception, sour taste perception and bitter taste perception of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors.	Other: salty taste perception; salty taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate salty taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors(high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: sodium chloride; Sigma-Aldrich, USA; RIEDEL SK.S.314; Other: bitter taste perception; bitter taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate bitter taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors (high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: caffeine; Merck, Germany; MERCK 102584; Other: sour taste perception; sour taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate sour taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors (high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: Sigma-Aldrich, USA; citric acid; RIEDEL SK.R.2 7102; Other: sweet taste perception; sweet taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate sweet taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors (high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: Merck, Germany; sucrose; MERCK 1.07651.1 000
OTHER: medium caries risk; children with medium caries- identified by cariogram to evaluate sweet taste perception, salty taste perception, sour taste perception and bitter taste perception of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors.	Other: salty taste perception; salty taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate salty taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors(high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: sodium chloride; Sigma-Aldrich, USA; RIEDEL SK.S.314; Other: bitter taste perception; bitter taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate bitter taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors (high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: caffeine; Merck, Germany; MERCK 102584; Other: sour taste perception; sour taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate sour taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors (high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: Sigma-Aldrich, USA; citric acid; RIEDEL SK.R.2 7102; Other: sweet taste perception; sweet taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate sweet taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors (high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: Merck, Germany; sucrose; MERCK 1.07651.1 000
OTHER: low risk; no caries or low risk- identified by cariogram to evaluate sweet taste perception, salty taste perception, sour taste perception and bitter taste perception of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors.	Other: salty taste perception; salty taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate salty taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors(high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: sodium chloride; Sigma-Aldrich, USA; RIEDEL SK.S.314; Other: bitter taste perception; bitter taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate bitter taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors (high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: caffeine; Merck, Germany; MERCK 102584; Other: sour taste perception; sour taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate sour taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors (high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: Sigma-Aldrich, USA; citric acid; RIEDEL SK.R.2 7102; Other: sweet taste perception; sweet taste perception in high caries risk, medium caries risk, low caries risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate sweet taste perceptions of school children and compare them with demographic, clinical, microbiologic and biochemical caries-risk factors (high caries risk, medium caries risk, low risk ).; Other Names: Merck, Germany; sucrose; MERCK 1.07651.1 000

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
DMFT, DMFS, dft and dfs indices	DMFT, DMFS, dft and dfs indices are total counts of decayed, missing, filled teeth / DMFT, Plaque index, Salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts are combined to report caries risk in high/medium/low caries risk	1 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Sillness&Löe Index	Sillness&Löe index in total amount of dental plaque on the teeth. /DMFT, Plaque index, Salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts are combined to report caries risk in high/medium/low caries risk	1 year
Salivary flow rate	Salivary flow rate in ml/minute	1 year
buffer capacity	buffer capacity in pH / DMFT, Plaque index, Salivary flow rate, buffer capacity, mutans streptococci	1 year
mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts	mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts in cfu/ml / DMFT, Plaque index, Salivary flow	1 year

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Beykent

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): May 2, 2013
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): May 1, 2014
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 19, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 12, 2018
• First Posted (ACTUAL): March 19, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): March 19, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 12, 2018
• Last Verified: March 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: children; taste perception; caries risk; cariogram
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Purinergic Antagonists; Purinergic Agents; Anticoagulants; Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors; Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists; Chelating Agents; Sequestering Agents; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Calcium Chelating Agents; Caffeine; Citric Acid
• Other Study ID Numbers: SAG-C-DRP-090414-0077

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No