Kick Out Parkinson's Disease

Karate Intervention to Change Kinematic Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease

The benefits of exercise for general health and wellbeing in older adults are well-established. Balance exercises such as tai chi and yoga, along with resistance training, can improve or maintain physical function in older adults and enhance muscle strength. Furthermore, aerobic activity is critical for maintaining and improving cardiovascular and functional health. Noncontact boxing has recently seen a surge in popularity among individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD), with components of both aerobic and balance exercise. While participants anecdotally note improvements in stress and physical function, this has only been minimally studied. However, drawing on this experience and the combined aerobic, balance, and mindfulness practices that comprise karate, we hypothesize that participation in structured karate programs may offer similar or greater benefits. Specifically, the aim of this study is to test whether and to what degree a community-based karate class tailored for individuals with early- to middle-stage Parkinson's Disease (PD) 1) is feasible; and 2) improves objective and patient-reported outcomes.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Parkinson Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Karate Classes; Behavioral: Pre-Intervention Focus Group; Behavioral: Post-Intervention Focus Group

Detailed Description

For 10 weeks, eligible subjects will engage in twice-weekly karate classes, specifically designed for individuals with early to middle stage PD, focused on incorporating upper and lower limb movements in multiple directions, increasing awareness throughout the body, shifting body weight and rotation, relaxation of the muscles, improving reaction time, using complex repetitive actions to improve coordination, footwork training and centered weight shifts to help with fall prevention, and striking shields for self-defense and stress relief.

Before beginning the karate classes, each subject will attend a pre-intervention focus group during which subjects will complete an assessment focused on overall mobility, gait, balance, mood, and quality of life. Subjects will be prompted to share their thoughts on exercise, balance, and mindfulness practices in general and in PD specifically.

Following the 10 weeks of twice-weekly karate classes, subjects will attend a post-intervention assessment and focus group during which the pre-intervention assessments will be repeated and the subject's impressions about the karate classes and their effectiveness will be measured.

Finally, the study team will contact subjects 6 months post-intervention to assess continued engagement in karate or related activities and again, the subject's quality of life and global impression of change.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 19
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
      • Rush University Medical Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 30 years to 90 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Subjects will be those diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease by a treating neurologist; if the subject is seen at Rush University Medical Center, this will be verified via chart review. If the subject is seen elsewhere, he or she will be asked to have their neurologist sign a form confirming the diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and indicating the subject's HY stage (with definitions of each stage provided on the form for providers who may not be familiar with HY staging) at the most recent visit, to be sent back to the study coordinator for eligibility verification.
• English speaking
• Living within the Chicago area
• Subjects may be untreated for Parkinson's Disease, or may be taking any individual PD medication or combination thereof. Subjects may or may not have had Deep Brain Stimulation. Subjects may or may not be receiving physical or occupational therapy. Subjects will be encouraged to maintain their same medication regimen throughout the duration of the 10-week study, however if emergent issues arise requiring medication changes, the subject will not be disqualified.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Subjects requiring an assistive device (cane, walker, wheelchair) or the assistance of another person in order to ambulate.
• Subjects with active psychosis or exhibiting symptoms of a severe psychiatric disorder.
• Subjects unable to commit to attending, or to travel to, two classes weekly for 10 weeks.
• Subjects previously participating in a karate or other martial arts program, including boxing programs for PD, in the past 30 days.
• Subjects with atypical parkinsonism, including Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, Multiple System Atrophy, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Corticobasal Syndrome, drug-induced parkinsonism, vascular parkinsonism, or atypical parkinsonism not otherwise specified, according to the referring neurologist.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
• Allocation: NA
• Interventional Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

EXPERIMENTAL: Karate Class Participants; Eligible subjects will engage in twice-weekly karate classes for 10 weeks, specifically designed for individuals with early to middle stage PD. Subjects will also complete an in-person pre-intervention focus group and post-intervention focus group, as well as a 6 month post-intervention follow up phone call.

Behavioral: Karate Classes; Eligible subjects will engage in twice-weekly karate classes for 10 weeks, specifically designed for individuals with early to middle stage PD, focused on incorporating upper and lower limb movements in multiple directions, increasing awareness throughout the body, shifting body weight and rotation, relaxation of the muscles, improving reaction time, using complex repetitive actions to improve coordination, footwork training and centered weight shifts to help with fall prevention, and striking shields for self-defense and stress relief.; Behavioral: Pre-Intervention Focus Group; At the pre-intervention focus group, the study logistics will be reviewed, informed consent process will occur, the subject will complete a brief, individual pre-intervention assessment focused on overall mobility, gait, balance, mood, neurological status, and quality of life, and the subjects will be prompted to share aloud their thoughts on exercise, balance, and mindfulness practices in general and in PD specifically, and any expectations or preconceptions that they have regarding karate classes for PD.; Behavioral: Post-Intervention Focus Group; At the post-intervention focus group, the pre-intervention assessments will be readministered, along with an assessment of the subject's global impression of change. Subjects will be prompted to share their thoughts on how the intervention impacted their overall wellbeing, balance, and mindfulness; whether the intervention achieved their expectations; and they will be asked to provide feedback for improvements.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in mobility as measured by the Timed Up & Go (TUG)	The Timed Up & Go (TUG) is a well-validated, brief measure of mobility. To complete this assessment, subjects sit in a standard arm chair and are instructed that when the team member says "Go", they should stand up from the chair, walk at their normal pace to a taped line, turn, walk back to their chair at a normal pace, and sit down again. The study team member will record the TUG results in seconds using a stopwatch. A lower TUG result indicates greater mobility. Scores at the pre- and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.	10 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in overall well-being as measured by the Patient Global Impression of Change Scale (PGIC)	The Patient Global Impression of Change Scale (PGIC) is a single-item rating scale that asks subjects to rate their overall response to the intervention using a 7-point rating scale. Percentages of subjects endorsing each of the 7 response options will be compared. This scale will be completed at the post-intervention focus group.	10 weeks

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in balance abilities as measured by the Functional Reach Test (FRT)	The Functional Reach Test (FRT) is a brief, valid, reliable, and practical assessment of balance. This test involves a yardstick being mounted on a wall at shoulder height. The subject is asked to stand next to the yardstick, extend the arm closest to the wall at 90 degrees of shoulder flexion, and the distance is recorded. The subject is then asked to reach as far as he or she can forward without taking a step, and the distance is recorded again. The difference between start and end position is the reach distance. Greater reach distances indicate better balance. Scores at the pre- and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.	10 weeks
Change in balance abilities as measured by the Tinetti Mobility Test (TMT)	The Tinetti Mobility Test (TMT) consists of 2 subscales: balance tests (9 items, scored from 0-16) and gait tests (7 items, scored from 0-12), where higher scores reflect better performance. Scores at the pre- and post-intervention focus groups will be compared	10 weeks
Change in anxiety as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a brief, 14-item highly validated scale for measuring anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items), where scores of >8 for either anxiety or depression indicate probable symptoms. Scores at the pre- and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.	10 weeks
Change in cognitive abilities as measured by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)	In the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the subject uses a reference key to pair specific numbers with given abstract geometric figures in 90 seconds. Scores are the correct number of pairs made in 90 seconds, with greater scores indicating greater cognitive abilities. Scores at the pre-and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.	10 weeks
Change in short-term memory abilities as measured by the Digit Span Test (DST)	The Digit Span Test (DST) tests the number of digits a subject can recall in the correct order after hearing them. The experimenter says numbers slowly at one second intervals. Subjects are asked to repeat the numbers in the order they were given. A subject's digit span is the number of items they are able to report back in order correctly. Scores at the pre-and post-intervention focus groups will be compared.	10 weeks
Sustainability of an exercise program in patients with PD	During the six month follow-up phone call, subjects will be asked whether they have continued to participate in any structured karate or martial arts classes. If yes, frequency and location of these classes will be asked. If no, reasons for lack of participation will be asked. Larger numbers of "yes" responses would indicate program sustainability.	6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Rush University Medical Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Fleisher JE, Sennott BJ, Myrick E, Niemet CJ, Lee M, Whitelock CM, Sanghvi M, Liu Y, Ouyang B, Hall DA, Comella CL, Chodosh J. KICK OUT PD: Feasibility and quality of life in the pilot karate intervention to change kinematic outcomes in Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 9;15(9):e0237777. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237777. eCollection 2020.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): June 18, 2018
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): September 6, 2018
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): March 31, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: May 30, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 12, 2018
• First Posted (ACTUAL): June 13, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): October 27, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 26, 2020
• Last Verified: October 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: exercise; karate
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Parkinsonian Disorders; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Movement Disorders; Synucleinopathies; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parkinson Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: 18012313

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No