- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04026958
Clarithromycin Mechanisms in Hypersomnia Syndromes
Antibiotic-mediated Improvements in Vigilance: Mechanisms of Action of Clarithromycin in Hypersomnia Syndromes
Study Overview
Status
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Excessive daytime sleepiness and long sleep durations are common features of many neurologic disorders, including myotonic dystrophy, Parkinson's disease, and the central nervous system hypersomnia syndromes.
Pathologic daytime sleepiness in the central nervous system hypersomnia disorders impairs occupational performance, limits quality of life, and more than doubles motor vehicle and other accident risk. Because the underlying cause of the majority of these hypersomnia syndromes is not known, treatments are aimed at increasing monoaminergic signaling involved in wake promotion. Yet, at least one-fourth of patients with hypersomnia syndromes cannot achieve satisfactory control of symptoms with these treatments and disability or medical leaves of absence are often necessary. There is a clear need for novel treatments for excessive daytime sleepiness to resolve this failure of the current standard of care.
In prior studies, clarithromycin resulted in significant, clinically meaningful improvements in sleepiness severity, sleepiness-related limitations in extended activities of daily living, and sleepiness-related quality of life. Long sleep durations and sleep inertia, both ancillary symptoms of hypersomnia disorders that contribute to functional impairments, were also improved with clarithromycin.
Hypothesis: Clarithromycin will reduce excessive sleepiness and other symptoms of hypersomnia disorders, as measured by self-report and objective testing.
Aim 1: To identify central nervous system mediators of clarithromycin's ability to promote wakefulness and reduce sleepiness, among patients with central hypersomnia syndromes.
Hypothesis 1a: Changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptor function in vitro will be associated with improvements in self-reported and objectively measured sleepiness.
Hypothesis 1b: Changes in functional connectivity will be associated with improvements in self-reported and objectively measured sleepiness.
Aim 2: To probe extra-neuronal mechanisms by which clarithromycin may reduce sleepiness, including changes in systemic inflammation and changes in gastrointestinal microbiota composition, in patients with central hypersomnia syndromes.
Hypothesis 2a: Improvement in sleepiness with clarithromycin use will be positively associated with reductions in systemic inflammation, especially reductions in levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα).
Hypothesis 2b: Improvement in sleepiness with clarithromycin use will be positively correlated with modulation of gastrointestinal dysbiosis.
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Phase 2
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Tyler Blake
- Phone Number: 404-778-6114
- Email: tyler.j.blake@emory.edu
Study Locations
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Georgia
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Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30329
- Recruiting
- Emory Sleep Center
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Principal Investigator:
- Lynn Marie Trotti, MD
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- diagnosis of idiopathic hypersomnia or narcolepsy
- age 18-60
- free of wake-promoting medication, sleepy despite current wake-promoting medications, or willing to discontinue current wake-promoting medication for at least 5 half-lives prior to baseline measures
Exclusion Criteria:
- other potential causes of hypersomnolence, including untreated moderate or severe sleep apnea, severe periodic limb movement disorder with arousals, uncontrolled metabolic disorders
- contraindication to clarithromycin
- contraindication to any of the study procedures
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Basic Science
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Double
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Clarithromycin
Participants in this study arm will receive clarithromycin for 14 days.
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Clarithromycin will be dosed as 500 mg twice daily, once upon awakening and once with lunch, for 14 days.
Other Names:
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Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Participants in this study arm will receive a placebo to match clarithromycin for 14 days.
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A placebo to match clarithromycin will be dosed as 500 mg twice daily, once upon awakening and once with lunch, for 14 days.
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change in Epworth Sleepiness Scale Score
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
The Epworth Sleepiness Scale asks participants to respond to 8 scenarios with how likely they are to fall asleep on a 4-point scale where 0 = "would never doze" and 3 = "high chance of dozing".
Total scores range from 0 to 24 where higher scores indicate a higher chance of falling asleep during daytime activities.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
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The MWT polysomnographic procedure examining how well participants stay awake during several trials where participants relax in a quiet room for 40 minutes.
One study found the mean sleep latency among persons without a sleep disorder to be 35.2
minutes.
Sleep latency will be compared between study arms.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A (GABA-A) potentiation
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) will be drawn to determine the change in levels of GABA-A potentiation between the study arms.
The difference between measured current with GABA alone and the current measured with GABA + CSF will yield a measure of potentiation for each CSF sample in each condition.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Default Mode Network (DMN) Connectivity
Time Frame: Day -2, Day 13
|
The default mode network (DMN) consists of a group of highly correlated brain regions most active during quiet rest.
DMN connectivity changes with sleep states and it is increasingly implicated in the symptomatology of sleepiness.
During resting state, sleep deprived participants demonstrate reduced connectivity with the DMN.
Changes in DMN between the Baseline 1 and Day 13 visits will be compared between treatment groups.
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Day -2, Day 13
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Change in tumor necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of TNF-α between the study arms.
TNF-α is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
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Day -1, Day 14
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Change in gastrointestinal microbiome composition
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Changes in microbiome composition via 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing results will be compared between study arms.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change in Sleep Duration
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Participants will log when they go to bed and when they wake up in order to calculate the number of minutes spent sleeping.
Duration of sleep will be compared between study arms.
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Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) Score
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
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Fatigue severity will be measured with the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).
The FSS is a 9-item instrument where responses are on a scale of 1 to 7 where 1 = "disagree" and 7 = "agree".
Total scores range from 9 to 63 where higher scores indicate greater fatigue.
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Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) Score
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
The MFI-20 is a 20-item instrument assessing fatigue severity.
Responses are on a 5-point scale where 1 = "yes, that is true" and 5 = "no, that is not true".
Positively phrased items are reverse scored so that the total score ranges from 20 to100 where higher scores indicate greater severity of fatigue.
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Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Sleep Inertia Questionnaire (SIQ) Score
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
The SIQ is an instrument with 21 items with responses on a 5-point scale where 1 = "not at all" and 5 = "all the time".
Two additional questions relate to how much time it takes for the respondent to wake up in the morning.
Total scores range from 21 to 105 and higher scores indicate increased difficulty from tiredness.
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Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Sleep Inertia Scale
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Sleep inertia will be measured with a single item on a 10-point Likert scale asking participants how difficult it was for them to wake up in the morning, were 1 = "not difficult at all" and 10 = "very difficult".
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Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of IL-1α between the study arms.
IL-1α is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
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Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of IL-1β between the study arms.
IL-1β is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Interleukin 2 (IL-2)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of IL-2 between the study arms.
IL-2 is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
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Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of IL-6 between the study arms.
IL-6 is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Interleukin (IL-8)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of IL-8 between the study arms.
IL-8 is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Interleukin (IL-15)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of IL-15 between the study arms.
IL-15 is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Interleukin (IL-18)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of IL-18 between the study arms.
IL-18 is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of TNF-β between the study arms.
TNF-β is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
|
Day -1, Day 14
|
Change in interferon alpha (INF-α)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
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Blood will be drawn to determine the change in levels of INF-α between the study arms.
INF-α is a soporific cytokine and a reduction in soporific cytokines is hypothesized to reduce daytime sleepiness.
|
Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ) Score
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
|
The FOSQ is a 30-item instrument assessing how sleepiness impacts daily activities.
There are five subscales assessing General Productivity, Activity Level, Vigilance, Social Outcomes, and Intimate and Sexual Relationships.
Items are scored on a 4-point scale where 1 = extreme difficulty and 4 = no difficulty.
Subscale scores are obtained by calculating the mean score for the items in that subscale and each can range from 1 to 4, where higher scores indicate less difficulty due to sleepiness.
A total score is obtained by calculating the means of the subscale scores and multiplying that by the number of subscales with a score.
The total score ranges from 5 to 20 and higher scores indicate fewer difficulty from sleepiness.
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Day -1, Day 14
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Change in Hypersomnia Severity Index (HSI)
Time Frame: Day -1, Day 14
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The HSI is a 9-item instrument assessing the severity of excessive sleepiness (hypersomnolence).
Items are scored on a Likert scale where 0 = not at all and 4 = very much.
Total scores range from 0 to 36 and higher scores indicate greater severity of symptoms of hypersomnia.
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Day -1, Day 14
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Change in MRI Functional Connectivity
Time Frame: Day -2, Day 13
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For functional connectivity analyses, each functional scan will be parceled into the 273 regions of interest (ROIs) contained in the Brainnetome Atlas and mean timecourse will be calculated for each ROI within the default mode network (DMN).
Pearson correlations between each pair of ROIs will be calculated, to determine the strength of functional connectivity between each pair of regions.
This will yield a functional connectivity matrix for each functional scan.
These correlation matrices will be Fischer z-transformed and averaged across each condition to create a mean functional connectivity matrix for each condition.
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Day -2, Day 13
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Change in MRI Activation Patterns
Time Frame: Day -2, Day 13
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Participants will complete a working memory task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
Activity during the task (vs non-task) will be calculated for each participant within regions of interest defined by prior meta-analysis identifying areas involved in this working memory task.
Activation in these areas at baseline will be compared to activation on study treatment, and differences between clarithromycin and placebo groups compared.
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Day -2, Day 13
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Lynn Marie Trotti, MD, MSc, Emory University
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Mental Disorders
- Nervous System Diseases
- Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic
- Dyssomnias
- Sleep Wake Disorders
- Disorders of Excessive Somnolence
- Narcolepsy
- Cataplexy
- Idiopathic Hypersomnia
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
- Anti-Infective Agents
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors
- Clarithromycin
Other Study ID Numbers
- IRB00108681
- 1R01NS111280 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
IPD Sharing Time Frame
IPD Sharing Access Criteria
IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type
- STUDY_PROTOCOL
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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