Lipid Profile of Infants on Different Feeding Regimens

March 21, 2020 updated by: Maria Remon Riad Sedrak, Assiut University

Lipid Profile of Full-term Infants on Different Feeding Regimen: a Comparative Study

Lipid profile of full-term infants on different regimens. The aim of the study is to compare infant's lipid profiles on different feeding regimen during the first 6 months of life and its correlation with their mothers' lipid profiles (exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding) and to compare infants' lipid profiles on different feeding regimen with each other (including those on exclusive formula feeding).

Study Overview

Status

Unknown

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Infant and young child feeding is critical for their health and survival. Based on well-established evidence, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's fund (UNICEF) recommend that mothers put newborns to the breast within one hour of birth, breastfeed infants exclusively for the first six months and continue to breastfeed for two years and beyond, together with nutritionally adequate, safe, age-appropriate, responsive feeding of solid, semi-solid and soft food starting in the sixth month.

For the first six months of life, breast milk alone is the ideal nourishment, providing all of the nutrients including minerals and fat soluble vitamins, an infant needs, meaning that no other liquid or food is needed.

In addition to providing a generally adequate nutrient supply that support normal growth and development , breastfeeding has been linked to multiple other advantages including a reduced risk of infection and long-term benefits for the risk of obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, blood pressure and better performance in intelligence tests.

The macro-nutrient composition of human milk varies within mothers according to nutritional status and across lactation. The mean macro-nutrient composition of mature, term milk is estimated to be approximately 0.9 to 1.2 gm/dl for proteins, 3.2 to 3.6 gm/dl for fats and 6.7 to 7.8 gm/dl for lactose.

There have been several systematic reviews supporting the positive effects of breastfeeding on cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (DMII), hypertension. Breastfeeding also reduces plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL).

Breast milk is a protective factor against obesity. This effect could be explained by existing differences in macro-nutrients. Moreover, there are physiological differences between breast milk and artificial formulas in terms of their nutrients and hormone contents. For instance, protein content of baby formulas is higher than that of breast milk, and leptin exists in breast milk, but not in artificial formulas. Due to their high fat and protein contents, baby formulas would lead to increased secretion of Insulin Growth Factor-type 1 (IGF-1),and subsequently to stimulation of adipocytes, which eventually result in excess weight. Moreover, breastfeeding affects the intake of calorie and protein, insulin secretion, balancing fat reserves, and adipocyte size. The effect of breastfeeding is found to be independent from dietary patterns and physical activity in adulthood.

Many studies have confirmed the protective role of breastfeeding against type II diabetes mellitus. This effect is considered to be because of the difference in composition of breast milk and the difference in hormones of insulin, motilin, introglucagon, neurotencin, and pancreatic polypeptide in breast milk and artificial formulas, which in turn would lead to lower subcutaneous fat deposition in breastfed infants.

The effect of breastfeeding on hypertension has attracted much interest because of the differences between breast milk and artificial formulas, mainly in terms of their content of sodium and fatty acids. It is documented that breastfeeding can affect systolic and diastolic blood pressures in adulthood. The effect of breastfeeding on blood pressure in adulthood can be partly explained through the following mechanisms: (1) reduced sodium intake in infancy, (2) high content of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids in breast milk, which is an important component of the tissue membrane system, as coronary endothelial system, (3) protection against hyperinsulinemia in infancy, as well as prevention of insulin resistance in early life, adolescence, and adulthood.

There is a relationship between the molecular composition (especially lipids, glycerides and sterols) of the maternal plasma, milk and her infant.

There is paucity of studies comparing lipid profiles of exclusively breastfed and mixed fed infants and those correlating lipid profiles of breastfed infants and their mothers' lipid profiles.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Anticipated)

300

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

1 year to 10 months (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Infants seeking medical advice in the outpatient clinics of Assiut University Children Hospital

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Apparently healthy infants during the first 6 months of life on different feeding regimen

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Infants with perinatal problems .e.g.,

    • birth asphyxia
    • premature rupture of membranes
    • hypoglycemia
    • hypothermia
    • meconium stained amniotic fluid
    • pathological jaundice
    • congenital malformations
    • clinical evidence of chromosomal abnormalities

  2. Infants born to mothers having any chronic disease e.g.,

    • diabetes mellitus
    • gestational diabetes
    • hypertension
    • pre-eclampsia
    • eclampsia
    • hypo/hyperthyroidism
    • on any long-term medication

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Cohort
  • Time Perspectives: Prospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
breastfed group
Infants on exclusive breast feeding for the first 6 months of life and their mothers
Other: Lipid profile
3 ml of venous blood from the breastfed and infants and mothers of the breastfed and mixed fed infants will be taken under aseptic precautions for determination of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (LDL) at the age of 14 ± 2 weeks and the age of 6 months.
formula fed group
Infants on exclusive formula feeding for the first 6 months of life
Other: Lipid profile
3 ml of venous blood from the breastfed and infants and mothers of the breastfed and mixed fed infants will be taken under aseptic precautions for determination of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (LDL) at the age of 14 ± 2 weeks and the age of 6 months.
mixed fed group
Infants on mixed feeding (formula & breast feeding) and their mothers
Other: Lipid profile
3 ml of venous blood from the breastfed and infants and mothers of the breastfed and mixed fed infants will be taken under aseptic precautions for determination of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), very low density lipoprotein (LDL) at the age of 14 ± 2 weeks and the age of 6 months.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
comparison between lipid profiles of the infants of the 3 groups
Time Frame: baseline
analysis of the results of lipid profiles of infants on different feeding regimens at the age of 14 weeks and 6 months
baseline
correlation of lipid profiles of infants and their mothers
Time Frame: baseline
analysis of the results of lipid profiles of infants on exclusive breast feeding and mixed feeding (breast and formula feeding) and the results of lipid profiles of their mothers
baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Assiut University

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Nagla H Abu Faddan, PHD, Assiut university children hospital
  • Study Chair: Amir M Abo El-Gheit, PHD, Assiut university children hospital

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Anticipated)

January 1, 2021

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

January 1, 2022

Study Completion (Anticipated)

February 1, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 19, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 19, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

March 23, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 24, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 21, 2020

Last Verified

March 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Other Study ID Numbers

  • Lipid profile of infants

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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