Evaluation of Peer-led EVERYbody Project

August 5, 2021 updated by: Anna Ciao, Western Washington University

An Evaluation of the Peer-delivered EVERYbody Project: Eating Disorder Risk Factor Reduction for College Students

The second trial of the EVERYbody Project explored the efficacy of the inclusive body image intervention when delivered by college peer leaders. The peer-facilitated EVERYbody Project was compared to a video and expressive writing comparison intervention through one-month follow-up.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The initial trial of the EVERYbody Project established that professional leaders could deliver a universal, inclusive body image program for college students, with benefit above and beyond a waitlist control condition. The second trial of the EVERYbody Project aimed to further evaluate the intervention using a more disseminable facilitator model: trained college student peer leaders. It also utilized a more rigorous comparison condition, where peer leaders conducted the two-session EVERYbody Project program or a time-matched video and expressive writing intervention. College students within a university in the Pacific Northwest United States were invited to participate in programming (universal intervention target). Quantitative assessment included a comparison of changes in eating disorder risk factor outcomes across randomization conditions at pre- and post-intervention and one-month follow-up. Feasibility and acceptability explored the impact of the peer delivered program within universal college student audiences.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

141

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Washington
      • Bellingham, Washington, United States, 98225
        • Western Washington University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Current college student enrolled at institution where research was taking place

Exclusion Criteria:

  • None

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: EVERYbody Project: Peer facilitator version

This dissonance-based body image program was created from focus group feedback (Ciao, Ohls, & Pringle, 2017) and piloted in an initial randomized-controlled trial. Based on the Body Project (Stice et al., 2006), it retains key dissonance activities while adapting exercises to have a more inclusive focus (e.g., expanding the gender focus, exploring diversity characteristics within appearance ideals, adjusting activities to be inclusive of diversity).

Around 10% of the original EVERYbody Project manual was modified to create the Peer Facilitator version for the current trial. Changes focused on adding individual exercises to draw out the critique of diversity in cultural ideals, refining prompts to be more suitable for peer facilitation, and flagging sections of the manual for more "expert" peer facilitation.

Peer facilitators received 16 hours of training on the EVERYbody Project manual and peer facilitation guidelines (e.g., group management, handling problems, etc.).
Behavioral: EVERYbody Project
Brief behavioral intervention (4 hours across two meetings)
Active Comparator: Video + Expressive Writing group

Video + expressive writing groups were facilitated by a peer leader following a detailed script. This intervention was designed as an active but low-dissonance comparison condition. Participants viewed two separate documentary movies related to gender and/or appearance-related pressures (one during each session): (1) The Illusionists (2015 ), and (2) The Mask You Live In (2015). Participants engaged in a brief (10 minute) reflective writing exercise after each film. In order to keep dissonance low, participants were told that their reflections would not be shared with anyone and they were not turned in.

Peer facilitators received brief (1 hour) training on the video group manual.
Other: Video + Expressive Writing
Brief video-based intervention (4 hours across two meetings)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Eating disorder symptoms
Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (Survey 1), post-intervention (Survey 2), and one-month follow-up (Survey 3)
Eating disorder symptoms were assessed with the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ; Fairburn & Beglin, 1994). The Global score of the EDEQ was used in this study (average across all 28 items).
Assessed at baseline (Survey 1), post-intervention (Survey 2), and one-month follow-up (Survey 3)
Body dissatisfaction
Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (Survey 1), post-intervention (Survey 2), and one-month follow-up (Survey 3)
The Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction with Body Parts Scale (SDBPS; Berscheid, Walster, & Bohrnstedt, 1973) assessed satisfaction and dissatisfaction with nine parts of the body that are commonly endorsed as concerning (e.g., stomach, thighs, hips). The average score was used in this study (average across all 9 items).
Assessed at baseline (Survey 1), post-intervention (Survey 2), and one-month follow-up (Survey 3)
Internalized cultural appearance norms
Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (Survey 1), following intervention Session 1 (Survey 1.B), post-intervention (Survey 2), and one-month follow-up (Survey 3)
The two Internalization subscales of the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-4 (SATAQ-4; Schaefer et al., 2015) assess internalized cultural messages surrounding appearance and attractiveness. The two internalization subscales were combined for this study (average across all 10 items), following prior research by Kilpela et al. (2016). This survey was assessed at all outcome time points (Survey 1, 2, and 3), plus midway through the intervention (following Session 1 of the program).
Assessed at baseline (Survey 1), following intervention Session 1 (Survey 1.B), post-intervention (Survey 2), and one-month follow-up (Survey 3)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Negative affect
Time Frame: Assessed at baseline (Survey 1), post-intervention (Survey 2), and one-month follow-up (Survey 3)
Negative affect was assessed with 20 items from the fear, guilt, and sadness subscales of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Revised (PANAS-X; Watson & Clark, 1992). The average of all 20 items was used in this study.
Assessed at baseline (Survey 1), post-intervention (Survey 2), and one-month follow-up (Survey 3)

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Program satisfaction and application
Time Frame: Assessed at post-intervention (Survey 2) and one-month follow-up (Survey 3).

A series of feedback questions were used to gauge satisfaction with the EVERYbody Project (based on Ciao et al., 2015). These questions included four Likert scale items about enjoyment (e.g., "I enjoyed the EVERYbody Project") rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) as well as open-ended questions (e.g., "Was any part of the EVERYbody Project particularly helpful/useful? If so, which part and why?") These questions were administered immediately following participation in the EVERYbody Project as a part of the post-intervention survey (Survey 2).

At post-intervention (Survey 2) and one-month follow-up (Survey 3), three questions gauged application of information learned in the program (e.g., "How often do think about the things you learned in the EVERYbody Project?" rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) to 5 (all the time).
Assessed at post-intervention (Survey 2) and one-month follow-up (Survey 3).

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Western Washington University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

October 1, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

September 1, 2018

Study Completion (Actual)

September 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 15, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 15, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

August 19, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

August 12, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 5, 2021

Last Verified

August 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 17-004_2

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

Data and other materials will be made available following reasonable request to study Principal Investigator. All outcome data will be included in data sharing. Socio-demographic characteristics will be collapsed into broader categories to protect participant identity.

Other study materials, including intervention manuals, will be housed on the Principal Investigator's Open Science Framework page, where URLs will be made publicly available.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Since the trial is complete, data are available immediately upon request.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL
  • SAP
  • ICF

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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