Effect of Preemptive Analgesia With Flurbiprofen Axetil on Perioperative Sleep Quality and Postoperative Pain in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Gynecological Surgery.

In humans and animals, circadian rhythm sleep cycle is an important function to maintain and regulate basic physiological homeostasis, such as cognitive function, glucose metabolism, memory consolidation, immune function and growth hormone secretion. The induction of general anesthesia leads to a state of reduced responsiveness, which is often described by anesthesiologists and patients as "sleep". However, previous studies have shown that in the case of patients under general anesthesia, besides surgery trauma and general anesthetics may change sleep function and sleep cycle perioperatively, the postoperative complications such as pain, nausea and vomitting etc after general anesthesia may also reduce postoperative sleep quality.Meanwhile, there is a mixed literature linking sleep and markers of systemic inflammation that greater sleep disturbances were associated with higher levels of circulating IL-6 and CRP but not TNF-α. And the effects of inflammatory cytokines may also cause changes in sleep patterns. Flurbiprofen axetil is a new non-steroidal anti infection analgesic(NSAIDs), which is widely used for analgesia to reduce the dose of opioids. It not only has a high affnity for infammatory tissues to achieve targeted drug therapy and prolonged duration of action, but causes analgesia effect through decreasing the biological production of prostaglandins, reducing the reactivity of peripheral nerves to endogenous infammatory factors, and inhibiting the sensitization of central as well as peripheral nervous systems.Furthermore, it could also inhibite the occurrence of adverse reactions, such as declined sleep quality, respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting. Preemptive analgesia is an analgesic intervention that begins before surgery to prevent the nervous system from becoming sensitive to subsequent stimuli that may aggravate pain. A large number of experimental studies have shown that the use of local anesthetics and/or analgesics in advance can prevent central nervous system hyperplasia, thereby reducing postoperative pain. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of preemptive analgesic with flurbiprofen axetil on postoperative pain, inflammatory markers and sleep quality among patients under general anesthesia. We hypothesized that use flurbiprofen axetil preoperatively would effectively relieve postoperative pain, inhibite inflammtory reaction and improve postoperative sleep quality.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Postoperative Pain; Preemptive Analgesia; Flurbiprofen Axetil; Perioperative Sleep Quality; Postoperative Inflammatory Markers
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Flurbiprofen axetil preoperatively; Drug: Flurbiprofen axetil postoperatively

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 112
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Beijing, China
    • Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital Medical University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

age: 18-75 ASA: I-II Receive operation under general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• ①Patients with mental illness;

  • Severe sleep disorders in the past;

    • A history of taking opioids;

      • Patients who are allergic to the drug

        • Patients who have difficulty communicating and refuse to participate in the trial.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Pre FA Group	Drug: Flurbiprofen axetil preoperatively; give Flurbiprofen axetil 15 min before surgery
Active Comparator: Post FA Group	Drug: Flurbiprofen axetil postoperatively; give Flurbiprofen axetil at the end of surgery

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postoperative 24 hours pain score	Use VAS to evaluated postoperative pain score	24 hours after surgery
perioperative inflammatory markers	The inflammtory markers such as system inflammation Index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were recorded before and after surgery. SII= platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count, NLR= neutrophil count/lymphocyte count, MLR= monocyte count/lymphocyte count.	the day before surgery
perioperative inflammatory markers	The inflammtory markers such as system inflammation Index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were recorded before and after surgery. SII= platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count, NLR= neutrophil count/lymphocyte count, MLR= monocyte count/lymphocyte count.	first day after surgery
perioperative inflammatory markers	The inflammtory markers such as system inflammation Index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were recorded before and after surgery. SII= platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count, NLR= neutrophil count/lymphocyte count, MLR= monocyte count/lymphocyte count.	third day after surgery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
postoperative adverse effects	evaluate postoperative adverse effects	24 hours after surgery
preoperative sleep quality	evaluate postoperative sleep quality at the first night before surgery	the first night before surgery
postoperative sleep quality	evaluate postoperative sleep quality at the first night after surgery	the first night after surgery
postoperative sleep quality	evaluate postoperative sleep quality at the third night after surgery	the third night after surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Beijing Friendship Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 10, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): February 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 29, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 29, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): November 2, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 24, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 20, 2025
• Last Verified: July 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Postoperative Complications; Pathologic Processes; Pain, Postoperative; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antirheumatic Agents; Sensory System Agents; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Flurbiprofen; Flurbiprofen axetil
• Other Study ID Numbers: Flurbiprofen axetil

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No