Gait Recovery in Patients After Acute Ischemic Stroke (GAITFAST)

GAIT Recovery in Patients aFter Acute Ischemic STroke: A Randomized Comparison of Robot-assisted and Therapist-assisted Gait Training on a Treadmill.

More than 80% of ischemic stroke (IS) patients have some walking disability, which restricts their independence in the activities of daily living. Physical therapy (PT) significantly contributes to gait recovery in patients after IS. However, it remains unclear, what type of gait training is more effective and which factors may have impact on gait recovery. Two hundred fifty IS patients will be enrolled to undergo a 2-week intensive inpatient rehabilitation including randomly assigned robot-assisted treadmill gait training (RTGT) or therapist-assisted treadmill gait training (TTGT). A detailed clinical and laboratory assessment of gait quality, as well as the degree of neurological impairment, quality of life, cognition and depression will be performed in all patients during the study. We hypothesize that these variables may also affect gait recovery in patients after IS. In a randomly selected 60 enrolled patients, a multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including functional MRI, will be performed to assess neural correlates and additional predictors of gait recovery.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Ischemic Stroke
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Robot-assisted treadmill gait training (RTGT); Other: Therapist-assisted treadmill gait training (TTGT)

Detailed Description

One hundred twenty consecutive first ever ischemic stroke patients classified as dependent walkers (Functional Ambulatory Category interval <1,3>) will be enrolled in the randomized blinded single center prospective clinical trial GAITFAST with a randomization either for robot-assisted treadmill gait training (RGT) or therapist-assisted treadmill gait training (TTGT) after acute phase (5-10 days after stroke onset). All enrolled patients will undergo a 2-week intensive inpatient rehabilitation including randomly assigned TTGT or RTGT followed with clinical visits (at the beginning of inpatient rehabilitation, at discharge, and three and six months after enrollment in the study). Each clinical visit will include detailed clinical functional assessments, assessment of spatiotemporal and kinetic gait parameters, assessment of neurological impairment, assessment of quality of life, cognition and depression. In 60 randomly selected enrolled IS patients, a repeated multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including functional MRI (fMRI) will be performed during the study follow-up to identify brain structures with possible impact on gait recovery.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 120
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Barbora Kolarova, PhD; Phone Number: +420 588 442 301; Email: barbora.kolarova@fnol.cz
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Daniel Sanak, MD, PhD; Phone Number: +420588442836; Email: daniel.sanak@fnol.cz

Study Locations

• Czechia
  • Olomouc, Czechia, 77520
    • Recruiting
    • University Hospital Olomouc
    • Contact: Daniel Sanak, MD, PhD; Phone Number: +420588442836; Email: daniel.sanak@fnol.cz
    • Contact: Petr Kolar, MD, PhD; Phone Number: +420588445197; Email: petr.kolar@fnol.cz

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ischemic stroke detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with NIHSS score 1-12 points at the time of enrolment
• Lower limb movement impairment with a score of at least 1 point on the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at the time of enrolment
• Dependency in walking according to Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC) with score interval <1,3> (supervision or assistance, or both, must be given in performing walking)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous history of any stroke, either ischemic or hemorrhagic
• Other diseases modifying or limiting walking ability, currently receiving rehabilitation or participation in another study
• Significant/symptomatic ischemic heart disease or significant/symptomatic peripheral arterial disease
• Obesity (BMI ≥ 40), or weight higher than 110 kg (weight limit for the robot-assisted gait training)
• Sensory aphasia with the inability to understand having been verified by a certified speech therapist.
• Moderate or severe depression present at the time of enrolment assessed using the Beck scale, with a score above 10.
• Known cognitive impairment
• Previous disability or dependence in the daily activities assessed using the modified Rankin Scale with a score of 3 and more points
• Currently receiving dialysis
• Diagnosed and/or receiving treatment for cancer
• Presence of other orthopedic or neurological conditions affecting the lower extremities
• For fMRI: Pregnancy; electronic implants, including cochlear implant, pacemaker, neurostimulator; incompatible metallic implants, including aneurysm clip; metallic intraocular foreign body; large tattoos; unremovable piercing; body weight over 150 kg; known claustrophobia

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Robot-assisted treadmill gait training (RTGT); Locomotor training guided by the robotic device (Lokomat Hocoma) according to a pre-programmed gait pattern with the help of robot-driven exoskeleton orthoses. The process of gait training is automated and controlled by a computer under supervision of a physiotherapist.	Other: Robot-assisted treadmill gait training (RTGT); Locomotor training guided by the robotic device (Lokomat Hocoma) according to a pre-programmed gait pattern with the help of robot-driven exoskeleton orthoses. The process of gait training is automated and controlled by a computer under supervision of a physiotherapist.
Active Comparator: Therapist-assisted treadmill gait training (TTGT); Locomotor training via a repetitive execution of walking movements manually guided by a physiotherapist during treadmill gait training.	Other: Therapist-assisted treadmill gait training (TTGT); Locomotor training via a repetitive execution of walking movements manually guided by a physiotherapist during treadmill gait training.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in gait speed during overground walking	Gait speed will be measured using the 10 Meters Walking Test (performance measure used to assess walking speed in meters per second over a short distance). The subject will be asked to walk for a distance of 10 meters at his/her comfortable speed. The time will be measured for the distance of the middle six meters, which will allow walk acceleration and deceleration. Each patient will perform two trials with a calculation of mean time value. If physical assistance of another person (to prevent a fall or collapsing) is needed for a patient to complete the test, the level of assistance provided will be documented. Usage of any assistive device and/or bracing (that patients are currently using for walking and are needed to complete the test) will be also documented.	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)	NIHSS is used to objectively quantify the impairment caused by a stroke.	Enrollment, baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in gait speed (km/h) during patients´ comfort speed	Gait speed will be assessed by instrumented treadmill gait analysis system (Zebris Medical GmbH, FDM-T system).	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in gait cadence (steps/min) during patients´ comfort speed	Gait cadence will be assessed by instrumented treadmill gait analysis system (Zebris Medical GmbH, FDM-T system).	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in paretic and non-paretic leg step length (cm) during patients´ comfort speed	Change in paretic and non-paretic leg step length will be assessed by instrumented treadmill gait analysis system (Zebris Medical GmbH, FDM-T system).	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in duration of stance phase as percentage of gait cycle (%) for paretic and non-paretic limb during patients´ comfort speed	Change in duration of stance phase will be assessed by instrumented treadmill gait analysis system (Zebris Medical GmbH, FDM-T system).	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in double stance phase as percentage of gait cycle (%) during patients´ comfort speed	Change in double stance phase will be assessed by treadmill gait analysis system (Zebris Medical GmbH, FDM-T system).	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in ground reaction force (N) for paretic and non-paretic limb during patients' comfort speed	Change in ground reaction force will be assessed by instrumented treadmill gait analysis system (Zebris Medical GmbH, FDM-T system).	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in plantar pressure distribution (N/cm2) for paretic and non-paretic limb during patients´ comfort speed	Change in plantar pressure distribution will be assessed by instrumented treadmill gait analysis system (Zebris Medical GmbH, FDM-T system).	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in Functional Ambulatory Category FAC	Functional walking test that assess gait ability with 6 levels ranging from 0 to 5 on the basis of the amount of physical support required.	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in Fugl-Meyer Assessment	Fugl-Meyer Assessment uses to examine the sensory-motor function and coordination of affected lower extremity.	baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in functional magnetic resonance imaging activation magnitude	Functional MRI activation magnitude, calculated as difference in BOLD signal between task and rest, will be assessed within pre-defined gait-related brain regions of interest (ROIs), i.e., sensorimotor cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, brainstem and cerebellum. Change in these ROI parameters over time will be statistically tested within group and the regional post-training minus pre-training difference in each group will be submitted to between-group analysis.	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in functional magnetic resonance imaging activation volume	Functional MRI activation volume, summed over significantly activated voxels, will be assessed within pre-defined gait-related brain regions of interest (ROIs), i.e., sensorimotor cortex, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, brainstem and cerebellum. Change in these ROI parameters over time will be statistically tested within group and the regional post-training minus pre-training difference in each group will be submitted to between-group analysis.	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Test	MoCA is cognitive screening test designed to detection cognitive impairment. It assesses different cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuo-constructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation.	Enrollment, baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in Modified Rankin Scale	Scale used for measuring the degree of disability or dependence in the daily activities in patients after stroke. Most widely used clinical outcome measure after stroke. Scale has six points and higher score means worse outcome; minimum is 0 points indicating no symptoms at all and maximum is 6 points indicating death.	Enrollment, baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in Barthel index	Barthel index is scale used to measure performance in activities of daily living (ADL). The maximum score is 100 points.	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in Timed Up and Go test	Clinical test used to assess a person's mobility which requires both static and dynamic balance. The objective of this test is to determine fall risk and measure the progress of balance, sit to stand and walking.	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in Lower limb muscle strength assessment	Medical Research Council Scale for Muscle Strength will be used for assessment	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in lower limb muscles activity (medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, quadriceps, hamstrings) during the 10 Meter Walk	Change in lower limb muscles activity (medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, quadriceps, hamstrings) will be assessed by surface electromyography (Delsys Trigno EMG/IMU sensors).	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in lower limb muscles activity (medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, quadriceps, hamstrings) during treadmill gait	Change in lower limb muscles activity (medial gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, quadriceps, hamstrings) will be assessed by surface electromyography (Delsys Trigno EMG/IMU sensors).	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in Beck Depression Inventory Scale	A 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression. Each item (question) had a set of at least four possible responses, ranging in intensity. 0-9: indicates minimal depression and 30-63 points indicates severe depression. Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.	Enrollment, after three weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)
Change in EQ-5D-3L Questionnaire	Standard layout for recording an adult person's current self-reported health state. Consists of a standard format for respondents to record their health state according to the EQ-5D-3L descriptive system and the EQ VAS.	Baseline (before beginning of inpatient RHB), after two weeks (at the end of inpatient RHB), and in follow-up (after three and six months after stroke onset)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Hospital Olomouc
• Collaborators: Palacky University
• Investigators: Study Chair: Petr Hlustik, MD, PhD, Palacky University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

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Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 1, 2020
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): December 31, 2025
• Study Completion (Anticipated): December 31, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 24, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 26, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): April 1, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 29, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 27, 2022
• Last Verified: July 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Gait; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Physical Therapy; Ischemic Stroke; Exoskeleton Device; Gait Analysis; Stroke rehabilitation; Walking speed
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Necrosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Brain Ischemia; Infarction; Brain Infarction; Stroke; Ischemic Stroke; Ischemia; Cerebral Infarction
• Other Study ID Numbers: NU21-04-00375

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No