Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the GCPS 2.0.(Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0) (GCPS)

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0

This study was designed to conduct Turkish adaptation, cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability study of Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0 in order to use it for Turkish people with Chronic Pain.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Chronic Pain; Scale Reliability Validity
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: survey application

Detailed Description

The GCPS 2.0 is an eight-item scale that evaluates the severity of chronic pain, the presence of persistent pain due to pain days, and the degree of disability due to pain. It is easy, simple, useful and multidimensional. 80 volunteer participants who had chronic low back pain were studied.The data collection tools used in this study were; Clinic and Demographic Evaluation Form, Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index, Patterns of Activity Measure Pain, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale, and Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0. In this study, the forms were sent by e-mail. The Snowball sampling method was used in the data collection process.The stages of the Beaton Protocol were followed in the translation of the scale. Validity was evaluated with the Face, Content, and Construct validity analyses. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to determine the construct validity of the Turkish version of the scale. Reliability was evaluated with the test-retest method, the parallel forms method, and the internal consistency. Ten days after completing the scale, 30 participants filled out the scale again for the Test-retest method. One of the scales we used for the parallel forms method was RMDQ and the other was ODI.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 80

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Istanbul, Turkey, 34755
    • Yeditepe University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years to 66 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Adult, Older Adult

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Participants were Turkish speakers and volunteer participants aged 18 years and over and under 70 years of age who had recurrent or persistent chronic LBP for 6 months or more.The following participants with CLBP diagnosed by a physician were included in the study. These;

• Disc herniations
• Mechanical back pain
• Lumbar strain
• Spondylolisthesis
• Degenerative disc disease
• Muscle imbalance
• Lumbago
• A trigger point in the back muscles

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having a history of illness such as Psychiatric disorder, Cognitive impairment, Dementia, or Alzheimer's
• Low back pain that needs immediate treatment (neoplasm, cauda equina syndrome, infection, fracture)
• Inflammatory low back pain
• Low back pain due to a vascular cause

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Only
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
participants; The study included individuals whose native language is Turkish, who are over the age of 18 and under the age 70, diagnosed with chronic low back pain, without Psychiatric disorder, Cognitive impairment, Dementia, or Alzheimer's and who want to participate in the study.	Other: survey application; Data collection tools used in the study; Clinic and Demographic Evaluation Form; Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI); Patterns of Activity Measure Pain (POAM-P); Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); Graded Chronic Pain Scale Version 2.0 (GCPS 2.0)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Graded Chronic Pain Scale 2.0	GCPS 2.0 measures multiple dimensions of pain in patients with chronic pain.	3 minutes
Clinic and Demographic Evaluation Form	n the clinical section, there are questions the inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to this section, the patient is included in the study. In the demographic section, there is the section where the patient's demographic variables are collected.	5 minutes
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index (ODI)	ODI is a questionnaire measuring the effect of low back pain on daily life and the level of disability caused by this pain.	5 minutes
Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)	RMDQ is a sensitive tool that measures the loss of function and disability due to low back pain.	5 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)	The hospital anxiety and depression scale have two sub-scales: Anxiety and Depression. 7 single-digit questions in the scale measure anxiety, while 7 questions with two numbers measure depression.	5 minutes
Patterns of Activity Measure Pain (POAM-P)	Some established activity patterns reduce patients' quality of life with chronic pain, increase their pain, and limit their movement. These are modified patterns such as Overdoing, Avoidance, Pacing. POAM-P determines which of these patterns chronic pain patients use. There are 10 questions in each subsection, also 30 questions in total.	15 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yeditepe University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 22, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 16, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): November 23, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 13, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 13, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): July 20, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 20, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 13, 2021
• Last Verified: July 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Chronic Pain; Chronic Low Back Pain; Disability; Validity and Reliability; Graded Chronic Pain Scale
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Chronic Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: 123456789 (Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No