- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT05209659
Applying Pain Adaptability to Manual Therapy Practice
Mechanism research has identified pain adaptive and non-adaptive phenotypes by documenting the response to an ice immersion bath. Pain adaptive individuals exhibited a rapid response to cold and a rapid resolution of symptoms with continued exposure. Non-pain adaptive individuals had the opposite. Pain-adaptive individuals have the endogenous (internal) capacity to self-modulate pain therefore may pursue active self management techniques, whereas non-pain adaptive phenotypes may be more prone to use of external mechanisms (e.g., analgesic medications) for pain relief. A pain adaptive individual is likely to benefit from all forms of conservative active or passive pain modulatory treatments and is expected to have a favorable prognosis. Although this finding is useful, ice bath immersion is an impractical assessment for clinical practice, leaving clinicians with the inability to identify pain adaptive individuals.
Emerging evidence indicates that an associative clinical response associated with an early within session (during the first visit) and between session (from the first to the second visit) during a posterior to anterior mobilization, identifies individuals who have a favorable prognosis with spinal pain. While neurophysiological basis for the analgesic effect of manual therapy has been proposed to date no one has investigated if the associative clinical response is purely another way of identifying pain adaptive or non-pain adaptive individuals. If a within-session or between-session response is associated with the pain adaptive mechanism found during an ice-bath immersion, clinicians could adopt the clinical evaluation technique and improve their ability to identify proper patients for management. The investigators will evaluate the relationship between the pain adaptive mechanistic response from ice-bath immersion and the associative clinical response that occurs during a PA mobilization of the spine.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
This proof-of-concept study uses an observational design to assess correlation between the below stated factors. This study design has been recommended in analgesic management in investigating novel mechanistic relationships. A convenience sample will be recruited from outpatient orthopedic clinics and University sites across a geographically diverse segment of the United States. Individuals will be educated on the purpose and risks of the study via informed consent and will determine if they would like to participate. An a priori power analysis was performed at the .05 significance level with a projected correlation of (.60) and a sample size of 28 participants was recommended to achieve 80 percent power. Given the single session design with virtual/electronic follow up a low dropout rate related to compliance is anticipated. Given the noxious application and the ability to terminate session if requested, along with aforementioned, a total drop-out rate of 10% will be anticipated. A sample size of 32 will be utilized in an attempt to obtain 28 participants.
Data collection will be completed by investigators and/or clinicians whom have been trained directly by investigators on the research protocol or by the research team.
Following consent, the individuals will follow the protocol below:
- Baseline patient reported measurements will be obtained including McGill Pain Questionnaire, Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire, Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, Expectations of Treatment Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (current, best, and worst)
Baseline Demographics which have shown prognostic value
- Age
- Gender
- Symptom Duration
- Joint(s) involved
- Presence of referred leg pain
Baseline Objective measures will be obtained including:
- Active Range of Motion at lumbar spine and Coxofemoral joint
- Neuromuscular Screening (Reflexes, light touch sensation L3-S1, neural testing)
- Cardiopulmonary screening (Blood pressure, heart rate, pulse-oximetry, AAA)
- Joint mobility at lumbosacral spine via Posterior -> Anterior (PA) mobilizations performed central and unilateral; Assess for comparable sign, If present progress to below
- Pain modulation/adaptability assessment - Protocol outlined below:
Application of non-thrust Central or Unilateral PA mobilization application as chosen by the clinician in a pragmatic manner to address patients comparable sign.
- Technique, grade, time, and location to be recorded
- Pain (NPRS) to be graded continuously throughout the technique and recorded
Pain Adaptability/Modulation assessment:
Throughout the experiment, the participants will sit comfortably in a chair with arms rested on the arm rests and legs testing on the floor. The room temperature will be controlled at 21-23 deg C. Participants will be assured that cold stimulation will not cause any physical damage to their body, and are allowed to withdraw from the experiments at any time.
Cold pressor pain
- A bucket of ice and water, a temperature of 1.0C to 4.0C will be maintained by stirring regularly to prevent an increase of water temperature surrounding the hand.
- Participants will submerge their left hand to 5cm above the wrist with their palm facing down. They will be encouraged to keep their hand in the water for 5 minutes. If they find the pain becoming intolerable, they can withdraw their hand immediately.
- Pain intensity - During the cold stimulation, participants will be asked to rate the intensity of pain continuously using a 0 to 10 NPRS (0 = no pain at all; 10 = worst pain possible).
- McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) - will be completed after cold stimulation. The MPQ is designed to provide qualitative and quantitative measures of pain that can be examined statistically. The MPQ consists of 4 major classes of word descriptors (sensory, affective, evaluative, and miscellaneous) for participants to specify subjective pain experience.
- Pressure pain threshold (PPT) - An electronic pressure algometer (Pain Test FPX 25) with a probe area of 1 cm squared will be used. Participants will indicate when the pressure stimulus becomes just painful. PPT's will be determined by averaging 3 assessments taken at 1-minute intervals. It will take 2 to 3 minutes to complete the PPT tests, which will lead to some participants undertaking a 6-minute cold stimulation test.
- Sensory assessment - All PPT assessments will be tested at 3 sites: bilateral extensor carpi radialis, at 3 cm distal to the lateral end of the cubic crease on the elbow, and on the right soleus at 8 cm proximal to medial malleolus.
- All PPT Assessments will be performed before, during (3 minutes after the initiation of cold stimulation), and 20 minutes post termination of Cold Stimulation.
- 2-week follow up via phone call, text message, email, or virtual meeting to assess NPRS and GROC.
Study Type
Enrollment (Anticipated)
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Damian L Keter, DPT, PhD(c)
- Phone Number: 61113 216-791-3800
- Email: dlketer@student.ysu.edu
Study Contact Backup
- Name: Kenneth Learman, PhD
- Phone Number: 330-941-7125
- Email: klearman@ysu.edu
Study Locations
-
-
Michigan
-
Haslett, Michigan, United States, 48840
- Recruiting
- The Therapy Institute
-
Contact:
- Stephen Houghton
- Phone Number: 517-339-4050
- Email: houghton.sm@gmail.com
-
-
New Jersey
-
Old Bridge, New Jersey, United States, 08857
- Recruiting
- Old Bridge Spine and Wellness
-
Contact:
- Michael Zolotnitsky, DPT
- Phone Number: 732-757-5430
- Email: Michael.Zolotnisky@spineandwellness.com
-
-
Ohio
-
Canfield, Ohio, United States, 44406
- Recruiting
- Tri County Physical Therapy Institute
-
Contact:
- David Griswold, PhD
- Phone Number: 330-533-1080
- Email: DWGriswold@ysu.edu
-
Sub-Investigator:
- David Griswold, PhD
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Sampling Method
Study Population
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- History of lumbar spine pain in the past 12 months
- Ability to reproduce low back discomfort with PA mobilization
Exclusion Criteria:
- Demonstration of any signs of upper motor neuron lesion including unexplained loss of function of bowel/bladder, unexplained gait changes, pathologic hyper-reflexia.
- Diagnosis which contradicts the application of prolonged cold including but not limited to severe vascular disease, open wounds/sores on involved extremity.
- Diagnosis which contradicts the application of joint mobilizations including but not limited to instability, inflammatory conditions, severe osteoporosis.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
Cohorts and Interventions
Group / Cohort |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Low Back Pain
Pragmatic Mobilization The pragmatically applied non-thrust manipulation will be based on the original concepts outlined by Maitland and will of consist of passive, low velocity, oscillatory movements within the physiological range of the joint, applied to the comparable spinal level of the patient (defined as the spinal level that reproduced the patient's familiar pain).
The techniques will be modified based on clinician assessment and patient feedback and consist of Grade I through Grade IV movements.
Since the pragmatic approach is clinician-driven, no time limit will be placed on the application and the number of mobilizations used will depend on the patient feedback (the exact definition of a pragmatic treatment)
|
The techniques will of consist of passive, low velocity, oscillatory movements within the physiological range of the joint, applied to the comparable spinal level of the patient (defined as the spinal level that reproduced the patient's familiar pain). The techniques will be modified based on clinician assessment and patient feedback and consist of Grade I through Grade IV movements. Common techniques used may include unilateral posterior-anterior movements, central posterior-anterior movements, and sidelying rotations (without thrust). Since the pragmatic approach is clinician-driven, no time limit will be placed on the application and the number of mobilizations used will depend on the patient feedback (the exact definition of a pragmatic treatment). Patients will be seen for 4 visits. Other Name: Non-thrust manipulation (pragmatically applied)
Other Names:
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Numeric Pain Rating Scale
Time Frame: collected at baseline and continuously during 5 minute cold pressor test: 2-week follow up via phone call, text message, email, or virtual meeting
|
Numeric Pain Rating Scale is a self-reported pain scale which has demonstrated validity and reliability in dealing with multiple pain complaints including chronic spine pain.
The scale ranges from 0 to 10 with 0 indicating no perceived pain and 10 indicating maximum perceived pain possible.
Aminimally clinically importance difference (MCID) of 1 to 1.7 points or 30% improvement has been suggested.
|
collected at baseline and continuously during 5 minute cold pressor test: 2-week follow up via phone call, text message, email, or virtual meeting
|
Global Rating of Change
Time Frame: collected at 2-week follow up via phone call, text message, email, or virtual meeting
|
The Global Rating of Change scale is a self-reported scale ranging from -7 (a very great deal worse) to +7 (a very great deal better) with a score of 0 indicating no change from baseline.
This scale has demonstrated reliability and validity in assessment of self-reported improvement in the physical therapy profession.
Psychometric assessments of this tool have been somewhat limited as it is often utilized as the criterion measure in the assessment of other instruments.
A MCID of 2-2.5 points has been suggested.
|
collected at 2-week follow up via phone call, text message, email, or virtual meeting
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Study Chair: Kenneth Learman, PhD, Professor, Department of Graduate Studies in Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio
- Study Director: Severine Van Slambrouck, PhD, IRB Director, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio
- Principal Investigator: Damian L Keter, Student, Youngstown State University
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (ACTUAL)
Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED)
Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (ACTUAL)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 290
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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