A Study to Compare Efficacy, PK, PD, Safety and IMM of MB09 to Prolia® [EU-sourced] in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.

A Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel, Multinational Study to Compare the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Immunogenicity of MB09 (Proposed Denosumab Biosimilar) vs. Prolia® (EU-sourced) in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel, multicenter, multinational study to compare the efficacy, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and immunogenicity of MB09 versus Prolia® in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Elemental Calcium; Dietary supplement: Vitamin D; Drug: EU-Prolia; Drug: MB09 (denosumab biosimilar)

Detailed Description

The study was planning to randomise approximately 528 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis aged ≥55 and ≤80 years old with a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) consistent with T-score of ≤ -2.5 and ≥ -4 at the lumbar spine or total hip as measured by DXA during the Screening Period. Screening evaluations were to be completed within 28 days prior to randomisation.

On Day 1, 528 eligible postmenopausal women with osteoporosis were to be randomised in a 2:1:1 ratio to receive MB09-MB09 (Arm 1), Prolia-MB09 (Arm 2), or Prolia-Prolia (Arm 3) using an Interactive Response Sys-tem (IRT).

During the Main Treatment Period, subjects received one subcutaneous injection (60 mg/mL) of study drug on Day 1 and at Month 6. At Month 12, after all efficacy and safety assessments have been performed, the subject were to be enter the Transition/Safety Follow Up Period and were to receive the third dose of study drug. Subjects assigned to the MB09 MB09 arm (Arm 1) received MB09 on Day 1, at Month 6 and at Month 12. Subjects assigned to the Prolia MB09 arm (Arm 2) received EU-Prolia on Day 1 and at Month 6, and MB09 at Month 12. Subjects assigned to the Prolia-Prolia arm (Arm 3) received EU-Prolia on Day 1, at Month 6, and at Month 12. All subjects were to be followed up to Transition Period Month 6.

All subjects received daily supplementation of calcium and vitamin D.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 558
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Bulgaria
  • Pleven, Bulgaria
    • Medical Center Medconsult Pleven OOD
  • Plovdiv, Bulgaria
    • Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment Plovdiv
  • Plovdiv, Bulgaria
    • Medical Center Artmed OOD
  • Plovdiv, Bulgaria
    • Outpatient Clinic for Specialized Medical Help - Medical Center Kuchuk Paris "OOD"
  • Sofia, Bulgaria
    • Diagnostic and Consulting Center Aleksandrovska EOOD
  • Sofia, Bulgaria
    • Diagnostic- Consultative Center Convex EOOD
  • Sofia, Bulgaria
    • Medical Center Excelsior OOD - PPDS
  • Sofia, Bulgaria
    • Medical Center Hera EOOD
  • Sofia, Bulgaria
    • Specialized outpatient medical facility - Rheumatology Centre St. Irina EOOD
  • Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
    • University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment - Prof. Dr. Stoyan Kirkovich AD
  • Vratsa, Bulgaria
    • New Medical Center EOOD
  • Sofia-Grad
    • Sofia, Sofia-Grad, Bulgaria
      • AES - DRS - Medical Center Synexus Sofia EOOD
• Estonia
  • Harjumaa
    • Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
      • Center for Clinical and Basic Research
    • Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
      • East Tallinn Central Hospital
    • Tallinn, Harjumaa, Estonia
      • North Estonia Medical Centre Foundation
  • Pärnu Maakon
    • Pärnu, Pärnu Maakon, Estonia
      • KLV Arstikabinet
  • Tartumaa
    • Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
      • Clinical Research Centre Ltd
    • Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
      • MediTrials OÜ
    • Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia
      • Tartu University Hospital
• Georgia
  • Tbilisi, Georgia
    • Tbilisi Heart and Vascular Clinic Ltd
  • Tbilisi, Georgia
    • National Institute of Endocrinology
  • Tbilisi, Georgia
    • Tbilisi Heart Center Ltd.
• Hungary
  • Budapest, Hungary
    • AES - DRS - Synexus Budapest - Magyarország Egészségügyi Szolgáltató Kft
  • Budapest, Hungary
    • Qualiclinic Kft
  • Budapest, Hungary
    • Obudai Egeszsegugyi Centrum Kft
  • Veszprém, Hungary
    • Vital Medical Center
  • Békés
    • Békéscsaba, Békés, Hungary
      • Békés Megyei Központi Kórház
    • Gyula, Békés, Hungary
      • AES - DRS - Synexus Gyula - Magyarország Egészségügyi Szolgáltató Kft
  • Csongrád
    • Szentes, Csongrád, Hungary
      • Csongrád Megyei Dr. Bugyi István Kórház
  • Hajdú-Bihar
    • Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary
      • AES - DRS - Synexus Debrecen Magyarország Egészségügyi Szolgáltató Kft
  • Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok
    • Szolnok, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok, Hungary
      • MAV Korhaz es Rendelointezet Szolnok
  • Pest
    • Kistarcsa, Pest, Hungary
      • Pest Megyei Flor Ferenc Korhaz
  • Zala
    • Zalaegerszeg, Zala, Hungary
      • AES - DRS - Synexus Zalaegerszeg Magyarország Egészségügyi Kft
• Latvia
  • Riga, Latvia
    • RSU Ambulance
  • Liepājas Rajon
    • Liepāja, Liepājas Rajon, Latvia
      • Private Practice of Laila Atike
  • Riga Rajon
    • Riga, Riga Rajon, Latvia
      • Outpatient clinic Veselibas Centrs 4
  • Rigas Rajons
    • Riga, Rigas Rajons, Latvia
      • Outpatient Clinic Adoria
  • Siguldas Pilsēta
    • Sigulda, Siguldas Pilsēta, Latvia
      • Sigulda Hospital, Outpatient Clinic
• Mexico
  • Querétaro, Mexico
    • Centro Integral Medico SJR S.C
  • San Luis Potosí, Mexico
    • Hospital Central Dr Ignacio Morones Prieto
  • Distrito Federal
    • Ciudad de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
      • Hospital Angeles Lindavista (Consultorio de Reumatologia)
  • Jalisco
    • Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
      • Centro de Estudios de Investigacion Basica Y Clinica SC
  • Nuevo León
    • Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
      • Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez
• Poland
  • Bydgoszcz, Poland
    • Szpital Uniwersytecki nr 2 im. dr Jana Biziela w Bydgoszczy
  • Katowice, Poland
    • Centrum Medyczne Katowice - PRATIA - PPDS
  • Krakow, Poland
    • Krakowskie Centrum Medyczne
  • Kraków, Poland
    • Centrum Medyczne Linden
  • Kraków, Poland
    • MCM Krakow - PRATIA - PPDS
  • Warsaw, Poland
    • Centrum Medyczne AMED
  • Warsaw, Poland
    • Centrum Medyczne Reuma Park NZOZ
  • Warsaw, Poland
    • Rheuma Medicus Specjalistyczne Centrum Reumatologii i Osteoporozy
  • Wrocław, Poland
    • AES - DRS - Synexus Polska Sp. z o.o. Oddzial we Wroclawiu
  • Dolnoslaskie
    • Kłodzko, Dolnoslaskie, Poland
      • Globe Badania Kliniczne Spólka z o.o.
  • Lubelskie
    • Świdnik, Lubelskie, Poland
      • Lubelskie Centrum Diagnostyczne (Lotników Polskich)
    • Świdnik, Lubelskie, Poland
      • Lubelskie Centrum Diagnostyczne
  • Mazowieckie
    • Warszawa, Mazowieckie, Poland
      • AES - DRS - Synexus Polska Sp. z o.o. Oddzial w Warszawie
  • Podlaskie
    • Bialystok, Podlaskie, Poland
      • Bialystok - ClinicMed Daniluk, Nowak Spólka Jawna
    • Bialystok, Podlaskie, Poland
      • NZOZ Osteo Medic SC Artur Racewicz Jerzy Supronik
  • Slaskie
    • Częstochowa, Slaskie, Poland
      • Centrum Medyczne Czestochowa - PRATIA - PPDS
  • Wielkopolskie
    • Poznań, Wielkopolskie, Poland
      • AES - DRS - Synexus Polska Sp. z o.o. Oddzial w Poznaniu
• Serbia
  • Belgrad, Serbia
    • Institute of Rheumatology Belgrade - PPDS
  • Belgrad, Serbia
    • Military Medical Academy
  • Belgrad, Serbia
    • University Clinical Center of Serbia - PPDS
  • Novi Sad, Serbia
    • Clinical Centre of Vojvodina

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 55 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Postmenopausal women, diagnosed with osteoporosis.
• Aged ≥ 55 and ≤ 80 years at screening.
• Body weight ≥ 50 kg and ≤ 99.9 kg, and a body mass index of ≤30 kg/m2 at screening.
• Absolute bone mineral density consistent with T-score ≤ -2.5 and ≥ -4.0 at the lumbar spine or total hip as measured by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA).
• At least two intact, nonfractured vertebrae in the L1-L4 region and at least one hip joint evaluable by DXA.
• Adequate organ function.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous exposure to denosumab (Prolia®, Xgeva®, or denosumab biosimilar) or other monoclonal antibody.
• History and/or presence of one severe or more than two moderate vertebral fractures or hip fracture.
• Recent long bone fracture (within 6 months).
• History and/or presence of bone metastases, bone disease or other metabolic disease.
• Intravenous bisphosphonate administered within 5 years of screening.
• Oral bisphosphonates ≥12 months cumulative use prior to screening. If used <12 months cumulatively and the last dose was ≥12 months before screening, the subject could be enrolled.
• Ongoing use of any osteoporosis treatment or use of prohibited treatment.
• Other bone active drugs.
• History and/or current hypoparathyroidism or hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia.
• Other Inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: MB09-MB09; Subjects randomised into MB09-MB09 group were administered MB09 (60 mg in 1 mL) SC injection every 6 months.	Dietary supplement: Elemental Calcium; at least 1000 mg daily; Dietary supplement: Vitamin D; at least 400 IU daily; Drug: MB09 (denosumab biosimilar); Pre-filled syringe (PFS) 60 mg/mL solution, administered as subcutaneous injection
Active Comparator: Prolia-MB09; Subjects randomised into Prolia- MB09 group were administered Prolia® (60 mg in 1 mL) SC injection every 6 months.	Dietary supplement: Elemental Calcium; at least 1000 mg daily; Dietary supplement: Vitamin D; at least 400 IU daily; Drug: EU-Prolia; PFS 60 mg/mL solution, administered as subcutaneous injection; Drug: MB09 (denosumab biosimilar); Pre-filled syringe (PFS) 60 mg/mL solution, administered as subcutaneous injection
Active Comparator: Prolia-Prolia; Subjects randomised into Prolia-Prolia group were administered Prolia® (60 mg in 1 mL) SC injection every 6 months.	Dietary supplement: Elemental Calcium; at least 1000 mg daily; Dietary supplement: Vitamin D; at least 400 IU daily; Drug: EU-Prolia; PFS 60 mg/mL solution, administered as subcutaneous injection

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Efficacy: Percentage Change From Baseline (%CfB) in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (LS-BMD) at 52 Weeks - Modified Full Analysis Set (mFAS)	To demonstrate equivalent efficacy of MB09 to EU Prolia in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in terms of lumbar spine BMD at Week 52 (Month 12). The main analysis method was on the mFAS using a mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) fitted to the composite %CfB lumbar spine BMD at Month 6 and Month 12, without any imputation of missing data. Bone mineral density was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and assessments of the lumbar spine (L1 to L4) were performed at a central imaging vendor.	Baseline (Screening), up to Week 52

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Efficacy: Percent Change From Baseline in Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density (LS-BMD) at Week 52 - Full Analysis Set (FAS)	Difference in means (MB09-Prolia) in the %CfB in lumbar spine BMD after 12 months in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with SC denosumab injections every 6 months. This included all subjects and data records irrespective of failed eligibility criteria, receipt of prohibited medications, discontinued treatment for any reason, had errors or deviations in dosing, or receipt of both doses. Estimation was via Multiple Imputation (MI) and ANCOVA on the FAS. Since the retrieved dropout rate was low, a treatment-failure (TF) penalty was applied to the imputed values at Month 12 for those subjects who received only one dose of the study treatment to centre the distribution of each subject's %CfB values around their baseline level. Bone density measurements were performed by DXA. All DXA scans were submitted to a central imaging vendor for analysis.	Baseline (screening), up to Week 52
Efficacy: Percentage Change From Baseline (%CfB) in Lumbar Spine at Month 6 and Total Hip and Femur Neck BMD at Month 6 and Month12 - MMRM on mFAS	To assess the efficacy of MB09 to EU-Prolia in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in terms of Lumbar Spine at Month 6 and Total Hip and Femur Neck BMD at Month 6 and Month12. The difference in means in %CfB in lumbar spine BMD between MB09 and Prolia at Month 6 and Total Hip and Femur Neck at Month 6 and Month 12 from an MMRM presented for the mFAS. Bone density measurements were performed by DXA. All DXA scans were submitted to a central imaging vendor for analysis.	Baseline (screening), Month 6 and Month 12.
Efficacy: Percentage Change From Baseline (%CfB) in Lumbar Spine BMD at Month 6 and Total Hip and Femur Neck BMD at Month 6 and 12 - ANCOVA on FAS	To assess the efficacy of MB09 to EU-Prolia in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in terms of the difference in means (MB09-Prolia) in the %CfB in Lumbar Spine BMD at Month 6 and Total Hip and Femur Neck BMD at Month 6 and 12 in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with SC denosumab injections every 6 months. This included all subjects and data records irrespective of failed eligibility criteria, receipt of prohibited medications, discontinued treatment for any reason, had errors or deviations in dosing, or receipt of both doses. Bone density measurement were performed by DXA. All DXA scans were submitted to a central imaging vendor for analysis.	Baseline (screening), Month 6, Month 12.
Pharmacodynamics: Serum Carboxy-terminal Cross-linking Telopeptide of Type I Collagen (sCTX) Area Under the Effect Curve From Zero to 6 Months (AUEC0-6 Months) After First Dose - Modified Full Analysis Set (mFAS)	Geometric meant (geometric CV%) sCTX Area under the effect curve from zero to 6 months (AUEC0-6 months) after first dose in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with SC denosumab injections every 6 months assuming all women received their first denosumab dose without any errors in dosing and without receipt of any prohibited therapies or other osteoporosis medications up to 6 months after first dose.	Baseline (pre-dose Day 1), up to Month 6.
Pharmacodynamics: %CfB Area Under the Percent Inhibition Curve From Time Zero to 6 Months (AUIC0-6 Months) in sCTX - on mFAS	AUIC0-6 months = Area under the inhibition curve for % change from baseline sCTX concentrations from time zero to 6 months	Baseline (pre-dose Day 1), up to Month 6.
Pharmacokinetics: Maximum Observed Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Denosumab After First Dose Study Treatment (Pharmacokinetic Parameter Analysis Set)	To assess the PK profile of MB09 compared with EU-Prolia following the first dose, maximum Observed Serum Concentration (Cmax) of Denosumab After First Dose study treatment (Pharmacokinetic Parameter Analysis Set).	Baseline (pre-dose Day 1), up to Month 6
Pharmacokinetics: To Assess the PK Profile of MB09 Compared With EU Prolia (AUC0-6 Months) Following the First Dose	Area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to 6 months analysed on the log scale by ANCOVA. The model will include treatment and stratification variables (baseline BMD T-score at the lumbar spine (≤ -3.0 and > -3.0 SD), body mass index (< 25 and ≥ 25 kg/m2), age at study entry (≥ 55 to < 68 years versus ≥ 68 to ≤ 80 years) and prior bisphosphonate medication use at study entry (prior use of bisphosphonates versus no prior bisphosphonate use as fixed effects. The estimated mean difference with 95% CI will be back-transformed to give the ratio of geometric means (MB09/EU-Prolia) with 95% CI following the first dose in the Main Treatment Period.	Baseline (pre-dose Day 1), up to Month 6.
Safety: Overall Summary of Adverse Events - Main Treatment Period - Safety Analysis Set (SAF) and Safety Analysis Set for Transition Period (SAF-TP)	For Main Treatment Period, treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) was an event observed after first dose on Day 1 until Month 12 and no more than 6 months after the last dose in case of early treatment discontinuation unless the TEAE was considered as related to the study treatment by investigator. For Transition Period, TEAE was an event observed after the third dose of study treatment at Month 12 until Month 18. Throughout the study, TEAE was an event observed after first dose on Day 1 until Month 18.	From first administration of study treatment on Day 1 until Month 18
Safety: New Clinical Bone Fractures - TEAEs (Throughout the Study - From Day 1 Untill Month 18)	For the Main Treatment Period, TEAE was an event observed after first dose on Day 1 until Month 12 and no more than 6 months after the last dose in case of early treatment discontinuation unless the TEAE was considered as related to the study treatment by investigator. For Transition Period, TEAE was an event observed after the third dose of study treatment at Month 12 until Month 18. Throughout the study, TEAE was an event observed after first dose on Day 1 until Month 18.	All participants in the Main Treatment Period and Transition Period (From Day 1 untill Month 18)
Overall Incidence of Antidrug Antibodies (ADA) - Safety Analysis Set (SAF) and Safety Analysis Set for Transition Period (SAF-TP)	Number of subjects experiencing treatment-induced immunogenicity: Binding and neutralising serum denosumab antibodies from baseline up to and including Month 18. Analysis of immunogenicity data will be based on ADA evaluable subjects defined as all SAF or SAF-TP subjects with baseline and at least one post-baseline immunogenicity assessment within the Main Treatment Period or the Transition Period. The formation of ADAs against MB09 or EU-Prolia was assessed in blood samples.	From baseline (pre-dose) up to and including Month 18.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: mAbxience Research S.L.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 16, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 14, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): May 22, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 8, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 18, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): April 20, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 17, 2025
• Last Verified: December 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Bone Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Denosumab; Calcium; Vitamin D
• Other Study ID Numbers: MB09-C-01-19

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No