Postpartum Depression

Risk Factors for Developing Maternal Postpartum Depression; A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most common psychiatric complications of pregnancy and postpartum. It is often defined as an episode of depressive disorder that occurs in the postpartum period. Evidence suggests that PPD has serious consequences on the quality of life of all family members, increases the risk for familial conflicts, leaving great negative effects on maternal-infant interaction. The aim of our study was to investigate and shed the light on the determinants of development of PPD mainly maternal age among women in Jordan. We also aimed at examining additional factors on prevalence of PPD and providing more information on PPD among Jordanian mothers.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Development of Depression Postpartum
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Naser Al-Husban

Detailed Description

This was a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study and included patients were those diagnosed to have PPD within 6 months of delivery at Jordan University hospital (JUH) in the period 1st of January 2014 to the 1st of March 2021, Amman, Jordan. Data was collected retrospectively from the electronic files, from the departments of obstetrics and gynecology and psychiatry JUH in patients, outpatient clinics, inpatients' files delivery room records. All data are electronic in the period of the study. Inclusion criteria; patients with confirmed diagnosis of PPD with complete clinical data and have no other psychiatric diseases. Exclusion criteria; patients with maternal blues, patients with a diagnosis of any other psychiatric diseases, cases of unconfirmed depression and those with missing data.

Main outcome measure was the number of patients who developed PPD within 6 months of childbirth in relation to age, parity and mode of delivery. We collected data of patients who were confirmed to have a diagnosis of postpartum depression by a consultant psychiatrist in the hospital who followed diagnostic criteria of the American psychiatric association11. Intellectual disability was not specifically assessed in our patients.

The variables and information collected for this study included age, parity, mode of delivery, body mass index (BMI) that was objectively measured routinely in our obstetric population. In addition, medications, chronic diseases, past history of depression, psychiatry, breast feeding, and any social or marital problems were also retrieved. Data related to antenatal complications like antepartum hemorrhage (APH), diabetes mellitus (DM), preeclampsia toxemia (PET), urinary tract infection (UTI)/pyelonephritis necessitated hospital admission, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) with no need for blood transfusion, PPH with blood transfusion, emergency hysterectomy for bleeding, fetal outcome including nursery (good, term), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission: preterm, hypoxemia/acidosis, birth trauma, congenital anomalies, fetal loss [Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD), stillborn, neonatal] were also obtained

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 73

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 49 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

patients were those diagnosed to have PPD within 6 months of delivery at Jordan University hospital (JUH) in the period 1st of January 2014 to the 1st of March 2021, Amman, Jordan. Data was collected retrospectively from the electronic files, from the departments of obstetrics and gynecology and psychiatry JUH in patients, outpatient clinics, inpatients' files delivery room records

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients with confirmed diagnosis of PPD
• with complete clinical data
• have no other psychiatric diseases

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients with maternal blues
• patients with a diagnosis of any other psychiatric diseases
• cases of unconfirmed depression
• those with missing data.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Other
• Time Perspectives: Retrospective

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Postpartum depression symptoms	symptoms related to depression that developed postpartum	6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Jordan

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 30, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 30, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): April 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 22, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 22, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): October 27, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 27, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 22, 2022
• Last Verified: October 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: postpartum, depression
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Mental Disorders; Mood Disorders; Pregnancy Complications; Puerperal Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depression, Postpartum
• Other Study ID Numbers: JUH obstetrics

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided
• IPD Plan Description: available on reasonable request from the investigator

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No