Routine Bilateral Uterine Artery Ligation During the Cesarean Delivery of Multiple Gestation

Multiple pregnancy is well defined to be associated with a greater risk of postpartum blood loss . Interventions to control PPH generally stepped from less to more invasive and including compression maneuvers , drugs , and further radical surgeries. Conservative management plans such as medications which cause the uterus to contract, external massage to the uterine body , and bimanual compression are overall used as 1st line interventions.

PPH was defined as a cumulative blood loss of 1,000 mL or more, or blood loss that occurred within 24 hours of childbirth and was accompanied by indications or symptoms of hypervolemia. The most frequent cause of PPH, which accounted for roughly 80% of cases, is uterine atony (3).

PPH is brought on by hyperexpansion, which impaired uterine myometrial contractility and caused uterine contraction fatigue , PPH were twice as high when pregnant with twins (4).The only effective surgical treatment for blood loss is a hysterectomy, but this is a risky procedure, especially for young women.(5)

Due to this, a number of fertility-preserving surgical procedures have been developed, including the B-Lynch technique, internal iliac artery ligation, and uterine artery ligation (UAL) One of the most widely used surgical methods for preserving fertility is UAL. It is simple to carry out and works well to control PPH. Additionally, it permits patients to have more children in the future and is generally safe. Additionally, it has a success rate of above 90%.

Concerns have been raised about its effect on women who want to become pregnant in the future regarding their ovarian reserve. The accepted practice of medicine worldwide is the prophylactic use of uterotonics. A synthetic oxytocin analogue with a lengthy half-life, carbetocin also stimulates uterine contractions .

One benefit of carbetocin over oxytocin is that it is more heat-stable, which is of greater importance to low resource settings . Studies compare the effectiveness of carbetocin and oxytocin in preventing PPH and find that carbetocin is equally effective or even more effective.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Postpartum Hemorrhage
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: uterine artery ligation

Detailed Description

This study is a randomized controlled study including a total number of 110 patients presenting to Kasr Al-ainy obstetrics and gynecology hospital for CS delivery. Ethical committee approved this study.

Patients are equally & randomly divided into two equal groups . Group (A) , study group (N=55) : patients with multiple pregnancy undergoing cesarean section undergoing bilateral uterine artery ligation and received carbetocin.

Group (B ) , control group (N=55) : patients with twin pregnancy undergoing cesarean section received carbetocin only.

Pregnant patients aging between 18 to 42 undergoing cesarean section for multiple pregnancy are included in this study , while Patients with Placenta previa or accrete , Ante-partum hemorrhage , patient refusing to participate , patients with medical disorders and patients with pre-operative HB less than 9 gm/dl were excluded from the study.

Informed consent was taken from involved patients after explanation of the procedures and their complications , and allocated patients were subjected to : (1) History taking regarding age , parity , previous CS , previous PPH , menstrual , medical and surgical history . (2) Examination : including general exam.(BMI , Blood Pressure ) , Abdominal examination ( Leopold's maneuvers , CS scars , fetal heart sounds , fundal level ) & local vaginal examination .

(3)Ultrasound was done to detect number of fetuses , gestational age , presentations , placental sites , amount of liquor & fetal weight. Patients were prepared for CS delivery after requesting pre-operative labs.

Anesthesia: spinal is mainly used except in cases were general anesthesia is indicated as fetal distress. Urinary catheterization and skin preparation was done. Skin incision using Pfannenstiel incision , opening abdomen in layers . The peritoneum over the vesico-uterine pouch already being incised horizontally, the peritoneum over the uterine isthmus and cervix was dissected downwards, and this dissection was then extended laterally Lower uterine incision was done followed by fetal extraction and placental delivery . Group (A): a single dose of 100 microgram carbetocin (Pabal® , ferring ) IV injection & bilateral uterine artery ligation were done 2cm below the uterine incision. Group (B): only a single dose of 100 microgram carbetocin (Pabal® , ferring ) IV injection administered after the delivery of the infant .

Closure of uterine incision & proper hemostasis were done . The abdomen was closed in layers . Patients were observed postpartum for vaginal bleeding , vitals , uterine tone , urine output & postoperative hemoglobin.

Operative time was calculated from the time of skin incision to tome of skin closure. Blood loss was calculated by Visual estimation by different operating room staff: the anesthetist, the obstetrician as well as the scrub nurse ( estimate the loss by careful observation of the operative field during surgery and report it at the end.) & by using weight of soaked towels (weight of soaked towel - weight of dry towel) and amount of blood in suction set. PPH was defined as blood loss of ≥1,000 ml following delivery (11).

Statistical Analyses were done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) , version 23. Quantitative Data were reported as mean± SD, while qualitative data were reported as number and percentage. The chi square test was used to compare categorical variables; P value <0.05 was considered significant.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 110
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Cairo, Egypt
    • Recruiting
    • Kasr Alainy outpatient infertility clinic

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 42 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• women undergoing cesarean section
• multiple pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Placenta previa.
• Ante-partum hemorrhage.
• patient refuse to participate

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: uterine artery ligation + carbetocin; Group (A) , study group (N=55) : patients with multiple pregnancy undergoing cesarean section underwent bilateral uterine artery ligation and received carbetocin.	Procedure: uterine artery ligation; The peritoneum over the vesico-uterine pouch already being incised horizontally, the peritoneum over the uterine isthmus and cervix was dissected downwards, and this dissection was then extended laterally Lower uterine incision was done followed by fetal extraction and placental delivery . bilateral uterine artery ligation were done 2cm below the uterine incision.; Other Names: carbetocin
Active Comparator: carbetocin only; Group (B ) , control group (N=55) : patients with twin pregnancy undergoing cesarean section received carbetocin only.	Procedure: uterine artery ligation; The peritoneum over the vesico-uterine pouch already being incised horizontally, the peritoneum over the uterine isthmus and cervix was dissected downwards, and this dissection was then extended laterally Lower uterine incision was done followed by fetal extraction and placental delivery . bilateral uterine artery ligation were done 2cm below the uterine incision.; Other Names: carbetocin

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
mean Blood loss after placental separation	by using weight of soaked towels (weight of soaked towel - weight of dry towel) and amount of blood in suction set	30 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants with postpartum hemorrhage	number pf participants with blood loss > 1000ml	12 hours
The number of participant needed for blood transfusion	Calculation of the number of participant needed for blood transfusion	24 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Cairo University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. Practice Bulletin No. 183: Postpartum Hemorrhage. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Oct;130(4):e168-e186. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002351.
• Santana DS, Cecatti JG, Surita FG, Silveira C, Costa ML, Souza JP, Mazhar SB, Jayaratne K, Qureshi Z, Sousa MH, Vogel JP; WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health Research Network. Twin Pregnancy and Severe Maternal Outcomes: The World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health. Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr;127(4):631-641. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000001338.
• Gallos ID, Williams HM, Price MJ, Merriel A, Gee H, Lissauer D, Moorthy V, Tobias A, Deeks JJ, Widmer M, Tuncalp O, Gulmezoglu AM, Hofmeyr GJ, Coomarasamy A. Uterotonic agents for preventing postpartum haemorrhage: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 25;4(4):CD011689. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011689.pub2.
• Tulandi T, Sammour A, Valenti D, Child TJ, Seti L, Tan SL. Ovarian reserve after uterine artery embolization for leiomyomata. Fertil Steril. 2002 Jul;78(1):197-8. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)03164-3. No abstract available.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): January 5, 2023
• Study Completion (Anticipated): January 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 2, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 2, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): January 4, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 4, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 2, 2023
• Last Verified: January 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: PPH - uterine artery ligation - carbetocin - multiple gesation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Pregnancy Complications; Obstetric Labor Complications; Puerperal Disorders; Uterine Hemorrhage; Hemorrhage; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Reproductive Control Agents; Oxytocics; Carbetocin
• Other Study ID Numbers: 23BM73

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: Study Protocol

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No