Integrating Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Pain With Inclusion, Respect, and Equity (INSPIRE)

Integrating Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Pain With Inclusion, Respect, and Equity (INSPIRE): Tailored Digital Tools, Telehealth Coaching, and Primary Care Coordination

INSPIRE creates a trilingual mobile app and telehealth coaching program to promote non-pharmacologic strategies for pain management with Black, Chinese, and Latinx communities in the San Francisco Bay Area. Years 1-2 will develop the app and test it with a brief single arm pilot starting in Nov 2023. A full two arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) will being in early 2025 with changes in PEG scores as the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include Helping to End Addiction Longterm (HEAL) common data elements.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Chronic Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: CBT, Mindfulness, and Movement

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 586
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jason Satterfield, PhD; Phone Number: 415-353-2104; Email: Jason.Satterfield@ucsf.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94110
      • Recruiting
      • San Francisco General Hospital
      • Contact: Eleanor Schwarz, MD; Phone Number: 415-206-2372; Email: Eleanor.Schwarz@ucsf.edu
      • Contact: Lisa Ochoa-Frongia, MD; Phone Number: 411 415-476-4082; Email: Lisa.Ochoa-Frongia@ucsf.edu
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94115
      • Recruiting
      • UCSF Adult Primary Care Mt. Zion Clinic
      • Contact: Jason Satterfield, PhD; Phone Number: 415-353-2104; Email: Jason.Satterfield@ucsf.edu
      • Sub-Investigator: Adrian Aguilera, PhD
      • Sub-Investigator: Matthew Miller, PhD
      • Sub-Investigator: Sibel Deviren, MD
      • Sub-Investigator: Janice Tsoh, PhD
      • Sub-Investigator: Arthur Wood, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. age 18 or older
2. speak English, Spanish, or Cantonese
3. have a UCSF Health or SFHN medical provider (any type)
4. be willing to use a smartphone (iOS or Android - either their own or one provided by the study)
5. have chronic, non-malignant pain for at least 3 months
6. be willing to participate in a 12 month patient-centered chronic pain management study where they will be randomized into one of two comparison arms

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe mental illness or other condition preventing informed consent

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention; The INSPIRE chronic pain management system has three primary components: 1) a patient facing smartphone app that collects and interprets a comprehensive intake and patient reported outcomes (PROs), provides health education, and a tailored, modular self-management program that includes cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), physical therapy (PT), and mindfulness-based interventions (MBI), 2) a weekly telehealth visit with a pain coach that uses the PRO data and module engagement measures to guide the visit, and 3) enhanced primary care coordination achieved through pain coaching notes and alerts integrated into the electronic health record (EHR).	Behavioral: CBT, Mindfulness, and Movement; Blended CBT, mindfulness, and movement delivered through a mobile app and supported by a weekly telehealth pain management coach.
No Intervention: Control; Control participants will receive educational materials about chronic pain and full workbook with non-pharmacologic strategies.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from Baseline in Pain Intensity and Interference on the 11-point Pain, Enjoyment of Life, and General Activity Scale (PEG)	The PEG Pain Screening Tool is a validated, self-reported 3-question survey assessing pain severity, the extent to which pain interferes with enjoyment of life, and the extent to which pain interferes with general activity. Possible scores for each question range from 0 (no pain, no interference) to 10 (worst possible pain, worst possible interference). The average of scores from the three questions yields the PEG score. Change = (PEG score at time point - PEG score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change from Baseline in Physical Functioning on the 5-point PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 6b	The PROMIS Physical Function Short Form 6b is a validated, self-reported 6-question survey assessing someone's ability to do household chores, to go up and down stairs at a normal pace, to go for a 15-minute walk, to run errands or shop, to do more than two hours of physical labor, and to do moderate work around the house. Possible scores for each question range from 1 (unable to do) to 5 (able to do without difficulty). Lower scores are indicative of lower levels of physical functioning. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Sleep Disturbance and Sleep Duration on the 5-point PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form 6a	The PROMIS Sleep Disturbance Short Form 6a is a validated, self-reported 6-question survey assessing quality of sleep. Possible scores for each question range from 1 (very good) to 5 (very poor). A higher score indicates greater sleep disturbance. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Fear and Anxiety about Pain on the 5-point Pain Catastrophizing Scale Short Form 6	The Pain Catastrophizing Scale Short Form 6 is a validated, self-reported 6-question survey assessing thoughts and feelings that someone may have about their pain. Possible scores for each question range from 0 (not at all, no catastrophizing thoughts and feelings) to 4 (all the time, constant catastrophizing thoughts and feelings). Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Self-reported Depressive Symptoms on the 4-point Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9)	The PHQ-9 is a validated, self-reported 9-question survey assessing common symptoms of depression. Possible scores for each question range from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). A higher score indicates a higher likelihood of depression. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Self-reported Anxiety Symptoms on the 4-point General Anxiety Scale (GAD-7)	The GAD-7 is a validated, self-reported 7-question survey assessing common symptoms of anxiety. Possible scores for each question range from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). A higher score indicates a higher likelihood of general anxiety. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Overall Satisfaction with Treatment on the 7-point Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC)	The Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is a validated, self-reported 1-question survey assessing how much a patient's pain has improved since the start of treatment. Possible scores range from 0 (very much improved) to 6 (very much worse). Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Self-reported Alcohol Use Disorder Symptoms on the 5-point Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT)	The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) is a validated, self-reported 10-question survey assessing common symptoms of alcohol use disorder. Possible scores for each question range from 0 (never) to 4 (4 or more times per week). Scores for each question are added up. A score of 8 or higher is considered to indicate hazardous or harmful alcohol use. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) Score	The Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) is a validated, self-reported 10-question survey assessing risk of drug abuse. Each question is answered with a "yes" or a "no". Answers that indicate possible risk of drug abuse are given a score of 1, while answers that do not indicate possible risk of drug abuse are given a score of 0. The scores for each question are then added together. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness on the 4-point Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory (ISMI)	The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Inventory (ISMI) is a validated, self-reported 29-question survey assessing a patient's attitude, beliefs, and behaviors relating to their mental illness. Possible scores range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). The scores for each question are added together. A higher score indicates greater internalized stigma of mental illness. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Self-reported Social Isolation on the 5-point PROMIS Social Isolation Short Form 8a	The PROMIS Social Isolation Short Form 8a is a validated, self-reported 8-question survey assessing a the extent to which someone feels isolated socially. Possible scores range from 1 (never) to 5 (always). The scores for each question are added together. A higher score indicates more severe isolation. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Clinician Self-reported Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perspectives about Mental Illness on the 5-point Opening Minds Survey for Health Care Providers	The Opening Minds Survey for Health Care Providers is a validated, self-reported 20-question survey assessing health care providers' attitudes, beliefs, and perspectives about mental illness. Possible responses to each question are "Strongly Disagree", "Disagree", "Neither Agree nor Disagree", "Agree", and "Strongly Agree". No numeric scores are assigned to responses. Changes in responses between each time point and baseline will be evaluated qualitatively.	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Patient Self-reported Trust of their Healthcare Provider(s) on the 5-point PROMIS Healthcare Relationship Trust (HCR) Scale	The Healthcare Relationship Trust Scale is a validated, self-reported 13-question survey assessing how a patient feels about their health care provider. Possible scores range from 0 (none of the time) to 4 (all of the time). The scores for each question are added together. A higher score indicates greater trust of the patient's health care provider. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Self-reported Pain Self-Efficacy on the 7-point Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire - Two Item Short Form (PSEQ-2)	The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire Two Item Short Form (PSEQ-2) is a validated, self-reported 2-question survey assessing a patient's ability to live and work despite their pain. Possible scores range from 0 (not at all confident) to 6 (completely confident). The scores for each question are added together. A higher score indicates greater self-efficacy. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo
Change from Baseline in Self-reported Psychological Inflexibility on the 7-point Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale	The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale is a validated, self-reported 12-question survey assessing how a patient accepts and adapts to a life with chronic pain. Possible scores range from 1 (never true) to 7 (always true). The scores for each question are added together. A higher score indicates greater psychological inflexibility in pain. Change = (score at time point - score at baseline)	Baseline, 3mo, 6mo, 12mo

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of California, San Francisco
• Collaborators: University of California, Berkeley; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Jason Satterfield, PhD, University of California, San Francisco

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Ristau J, Okobi A, Miller MJ, Cheng J, Deviren S, Schwarz EB, Fairchild T, Tsoh JY, Aguilera A, Zheng-Huang CJ, Satterfield JM. Integrating nonpharmacologic strategies for pain with Inclusion, Respect, and Equity (INSPIRE): a digital health study protocol for a pragmatic multisite randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2026 Jan 8;27(1):109. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-09402-8.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 15, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): August 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): August 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 13, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 13, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): December 27, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 13, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 7, 2026
• Last Verified: April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Mindfulness; Cognitive therapy; Movement; Digital health; Health coaching; Health equity; Non-malignant chronic pain
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Signs and Symptoms; Chronic Pain; Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena; Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena; Physiological Phenomena; Behavior Therapy; Psychotherapy; Behavioral Disciplines and Activities; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Mindfulness; Movement
• Other Study ID Numbers: R33NS129050 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); R61NS129050 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: This project is part of the Helping to End Addiction Longterm (HEAL) initiative and will use the data sharing platform required for that consortia.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No