Effects of Exercise on Energy Intake-Prescription of Resistance Exercise

Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise With Varying Training Volume and Rest Intervals Under Equal Load on Appetite Control, Food Reward, and Energy Intake: a Five-arm Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial

Healthy young males will complete five trials in a randomized crossover counter-balanced order, including three different inter-set rest of resistance exercise in equal training volume, one repeated until failure and sedentary control. During each trial, blood samples will be collected.

The investigators hypothesized that different inter-set rest and training volume would affect subjective appetite and energy intake.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Eating Behavior; Food Reward
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: short inter-set rest resistance exercise; Other: medium inter-set rest; Other: long inter-set rest; Other: medium inter-set rest with failure

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 18
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Taiwan
  • Taipei, Taiwan, 106
    • National Taiwan Normal University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age: 20-30
• Healthy male

Exclusion Criteria:

• No acute or chronic musculoskeletal symptoms
• Smoking
• Alcohol or drug abuse
• Failure to conduct resistance exercise

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

5

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: short inter-set rest; 3 multi-joints resistance exercise with short (60s) inter-set rest	Other: short inter-set rest resistance exercise; Subjects in short inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, 7 repetitions with load of 70%-1RM with 60 sec of rest between sets.
Experimental: medium inter-set rest; 3 multi-joints resistance exercise with medium(120s) inter-set rest	Other: medium inter-set rest; Subjects in medium inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, 7 repetitions with load of 70%-1RM with 120 sec of rest between sets.
Experimental: long inter-set rest; 3 multi-joints resistance exercise with long (180s) inter-set rest	Other: long inter-set rest; Subjects in long inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, 7 repetitions with load of 70%-1RM with 180 sec of rest between sets.
Experimental: medium inter-set rest with failure; 3 multi-joints resistance exercise with medium (120s) inter-set rest repeated to failure each set	Other: medium inter-set rest with failure; Subjects in long inter-set rest trial performed 3 sets per exercise, repeated to failure with load of 70%-1RM with 120 sec of rest between sets.
No Intervention: control; stayed sedentary during the period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Subjective appetite	The appetite perceptions were obtained through a 0-100 mm visual analog scale. The variables assessed included perceptions of hunger (i.e., "How hungry do you feel?"), satisfaction (i.e., "How satisfied do you feel?"), fullness (i.e., "How full do you feel?"), prospective food consumption (i.e., "How much do you think you can eat?"), and nausea (i.e., "How nauseous do you feel?"), with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely.".	4-hour during each study intervention
Change in acyl-Ghrelin	acyl-Ghrelin in pg/mL	4-hour during each study intervention
Change in total-Ghrelin	total-Ghrelin in pg/mL	4-hour during each study intervention
Change in PYY	PYY in pg/mL	4-hour during each study intervention
Change in active-GLP-1	active-GLP-1 in pg/mL	4-hour during each study intervention
Change in total-GLP-1	total-GLP-1 in pg/mL	4-hour during each study intervention
Change in lactate	insulin in mmol/L	4-hour during each study intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in TG	TG in mg/dL	4 hours during each study intervention
Change in glucose	glucose in mg/dL	4 hours during each study intervention
Change in insulin	insulin in mU/L	4 hours during each study intervention
Explicit liking	A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm was utilized to evaluate the question, "How pleasant would it be to taste some of this food now?" with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely."	4 hours during each study intervention
Explicit wanting	A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm was utilized to evaluate the question, "How much do you want some of this food now?" with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely."	4 hours during each study intervention
Implicit wanting	Participants were given a set of food image pairs and were asked to select their preference by answering the question, "Which food do you desire the most at the moment?". The implicit wanting calculation involved further consideration of response time data based on preference choices using a standardized equation.	4 hours during each study intervention
Relative preference	Participants were given a set of food image pairs and were asked to select their preference by answering the question, "Which food do you desire the most at the moment?". The relative preference was the sum of the times each type of food was chosen, with a maximum value of 48 and a minimum value of 0.	4 hours during each study intervention
Fat appeal bias	Fat preference (high or low) was calculated by subtracting the mean low-fat scores from the mean high-fat scores. Positive values suggest a preference for high-fat foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for low-fat or savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between fat content.	4 hours during each study intervention
Taste appeal bias	Taste preference (savoury or sweet) was calculated by subtracting the mean savory scores from the mean sweet scores. Positive values suggest a preference for sweet foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between taste categories.	4 hours during each study intervention
Energy intake	Participants are required to record their diet for the day before, the current day, and the day following the experiment.	3 days during each study intervention

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Taiwan Normal University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Hung-Wen Liu, Ph.D., National Taiwan Normal University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 28, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 31, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): March 31, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 4, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 15, 2024
• First Posted (Estimated): January 25, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): January 25, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 15, 2024
• Last Verified: January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 202112HM039

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No