- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT06255821
The Effect of Time on Generalization of Exposure-based Benefit
The Effect of Time on Generalization of Exposure-based Benefit in Spider Fear
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Several findings from basic research on extinction learning undermine the role of time effects in the contextualization and retrieval of extinguished memories (Archbold et al., 2013; Quirk, 2002; Wiltgen & Silva, 2007). The latter bears important implications for the evaluation of short- and long-term effects of exposure-based fear reduction and generalization. To date, no study exists examining the role of time on the fear responding to treated stimuli and/or untreated stimuli after successful exposure. It will be investigated whether the differential responding to treated and untreated stimuli after exposure is dependent on the passage of time.
Spider fearful participants will be subjected to a standardized one-session treatment with spiders serving as treatment stimuli. Fear reduction towards treatment stimuli will be assessed at post-treatment. Furthermore, generalization of exposure therapy towards untreated stimuli (i.e., a novel spider) will be assessed. The extent of generalization of exposure-based fear reduction to untreated stimuli will be compared between three groups that will differ with respect to the follow-up length. Here, participants undergoing exposure will be randomly assigned to one of the following follow-up measurements: one week follow-up, six weeks follow-up, and three months follow-up. The extent of exposure induced fear reduction and generalization will be assessed and compared between these groups.
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Bochum, Germany, 44787
- Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience
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Contact:
- Iris Kodzaga, M.Sc.
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Presence of fear of spiders (Potential diagnosis of arachnophobia)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any acute or chronic mental and / or somatic disease
- Psychological, psychiatric, neurological or pharmacological treatment
- Drug or alcohol abuse
- Pregnancy
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: One week follow-up assessment
Participants will receive a pre-assessment and an exposure with a control spider (spider A).
This control spider will be presented again at post-training assessments.
Participants will then be assigned to the follow-up assessment one week after the exposure session, in which spider A and a novel spider (spider B) will be used to test for generalization of exposure effects.
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One-session of graded in-vivo exposure with a spider.
Each task is first modeled by the experimenter.
Prior to the exposure, participants receive psychoeducation on anxiety and phobias.
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Experimental: Six weeks follow-up assessment
Participants will receive a pre-assessment and an exposure with a control spider (spider A).
This control spider will be presented again at post-training assessments.
Participants will then be assigned to the follow-up assessment six weeks after the exposure session, in which spider A and a novel spider (spider B) will be used to test for generalization of exposure effects.
|
One-session of graded in-vivo exposure with a spider.
Each task is first modeled by the experimenter.
Prior to the exposure, participants receive psychoeducation on anxiety and phobias.
|
Experimental: Three months follow-up assessment
Participants will receive a pre-assessment and an exposure with a control spider (spider A).
This control spider will be presented again at post-training assessments.
Participants will then be assigned to the follow-up assessment three months after the exposure session, in which spider A and a novel spider (spider B) will be used to test for generalization of exposure effects.
|
One-session of graded in-vivo exposure with a spider.
Each task is first modeled by the experimenter.
Prior to the exposure, participants receive psychoeducation on anxiety and phobias.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Behavioral Approach Test (BAT)
Time Frame: Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Change in the Behavioral Approach Test (BAT) at post-assessment and follow-up with the control spider (spider A; treated stimulus) and a novel spider (spider B; untreated fear stimulus).
During the Behavioral Approach Test (BAT) the closest distance to a spider is measured.
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Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Subjective fear
Time Frame: Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Change in subjective fear at post-assessment and follow-up with the control spider (spider A; treated stimulus) and a novel spider (spider B; untreated fear stimulus) is measured during the Behavioral Approach Tests.
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Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Subjective disgust
Time Frame: Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Change in subjective disgust at post-assessment and follow-up with the control spider (spider A; treated stimulus) and a novel spider (spider B; untreated fear stimulus) is measured during the Behavioral Approach Tests.
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Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Heart rate
Time Frame: Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Change in heart rate at post-assessment and follow-up with the control spider (spider A; treated stimulus) and a novel spider (spider B; untreated fear stimulus) is measured during the Behavioral Approach Tests.
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Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Score on General Self-efficacy (GSE) Scale
Time Frame: Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Change in self-efficacy is measured by the GSE Scale.
The GSE Scale contains ten items and measures how confident the person feels to overcome difficult situations based on their self-assessed competence.
The total score is determined by summing up all item scores, which results in a score between 10 and 40, where the higher scores represent higher GSE.
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Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Self-efficacy Questionnaire for Phobic Situations (SEQ-SP)
Time Frame: Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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The questionnaire consists of 13 items.
The items describe specific phobic situations (in relation to animals) for which the participants has to assess their self-efficacy expectations based on a five-point scale (1 = really sure I couldn't, 5 = really sure I could).
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Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ)
Time Frame: Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Change in the Spider-fear related questionnaires.
The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) will be applied.
Scores on this scale range from 0 to 108, with higher scores indicating greater fear of spiders.
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Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Spider Fear Questionnaire (SPQ)
Time Frame: Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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The Spider Fear Questionnaire (SPQ) will be applied.
Scores on this scale range from 0 to 31, with higher scores indicating greater fear of spiders.
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Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Spider Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ)
Time Frame: Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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The Spider Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ) will be applied.
Scores on this scale range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating greater fear of spiders.
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Pre-assessment (immediately before exposure), post-assessment (one day after exposure), follow-up (one week, six weeks, or three months after exposure)
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Estimated)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Estimated)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Other Study ID Numbers
- Ruhr-University Bochum
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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