Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Detecting Number of Root Canals in Human Mandibular First Molars Obturated and Indicated for Retreatment: Diagnostic Accuracy Experimental Study

evaluate the accuracy of new AI technology for detecting root canals in mandibular first molars retreatment cases in comparison to dentist clinical access cavity and CBCT imaging.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Missed Canals
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: CBCT; Diagnostic test: clinical examination under dental operating microscope; Diagnostic test: canal detection AI software (diagnocat)

Detailed Description

evaluate the accuracy of new AI technology for detecting root canals in mandibular first molars retreatment cases in comparison to dentist clinical access cavity and CBCT imaging.

1. CBCT exmanation stage: In this stage, CBCT scanning was done using Soredex Cranex 3D Dental Imaging System, FINLAND, with the following parameters ((XS FOV dimensions 61 x 41 mm (HxD)) (XS FOV High resolution 90 kV / 4 - 12.5 mA / 6.1 s)).

   The samples will be randomized using randomization software (Microsoft Office Excel, USA) and will be assigned randomly to 2 endodontists who are unaware of the findings of stage 2. After interpreting and segmenting the CBCT scans in DICOM Format using OnDemand software (USA), the number of canals identified will be recorded on a pre-established information guide.

   The samples are coded based on the patient's file number, and the codes were undisclosed so that the CBCT examiners could not identify the samples. All images were interpreted from the axial section in the analysis of the tomographic sections, the number of canals are identified by the corresponding radiolucent orifices, regardless of their location along the root

2. Clinical Stage: This is a clinical stage where the thirty-five patients, as predetermined by power analysis, will be randomly distributed upon 6 Practitioners using randomization software (Microsoft Office Excel). Practitioners will then proceed in access formation under dental operating microscope, (Leica M320D using magnification 16X, using fully integrated 4K camera).

   Access will be done using TR13 diamond stone (Mani, Japan) to remove caries and restorations.

   Troughing will be done using ultrasonic tip (NSK E4 and E15D) power 3W.

   Irrigation will be done using NAOCL (JK Dental Vision sodium hypochlorite, Egypt) with a concentration of 2.5%.

   Gutta percha will be removed from the canal using M-pro rotary files:

   At first orifice opener will be used to remove the coronal gutta percha then used the yellow file tapered 4% then confirm the working length by apex locator, after that using taper file 25 to remove the remaining gutta percha.

   DG16 endodontic probe (Dentsply Sirona, Germany) will be used to locate canal orifices.

   Upon confirmation by clinic PHD supervisors, the number of orifices found will be recorded on a pre-formed information guide, in one visit per patient. Access cavity will be aided by Leica M320D DOM

3. Artificial intelligence stage: The carrying out of this stage will be solely undertaken by the principal investigator. The CBCT images will be uploaded to convolutional neural network software (CNN) that uses a deep learning algorithm and CBCT segmentation. The software will then record the number of canals it found

The software utilized employs deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a specific U-net inspired structure. The complete CBCT scan is uploaded onto the software, where all collected images are analyzed and each tooth in the 3D scan is precisely located and assessed. The software uses pattern recognition and statistical predictions to segment numerous slices of each tooth and determine the condition or pathosis present. This is achieved by analyzing previously fed photos that were used to train the software

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 35
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Cairo, Egypt
    • Misr International University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Males and females.
• Patients aged 18 to 40 years
• Repairable permanent first molars in the lower jaw, with a closed apex, which required non-surgical retreatment.
• One or more of the following signs and symptoms: Spontaneous pain, Pain on biting, Sinus tract, Radiolucency related to one or more roots.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with lower first molars which are deemed non restorable, or have large perforations, external resorption, or vertical root fracture,
• Pregnant women
• Immunocompromised patients.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: A single arm consisting of 3 stages; This study will include 3 stages: CBCT examination stage: In this stage, CBCT scanning will be done and examined by by 2 blinded endodontists and the number of canals identified will be recorded; Clinical Stage: This is a clinical stage where patients will be randomly distributed upon 6 Practitioners using randomization software (Microsoft Office Excel). Practitioners will then proceed with the pretreatment procedures under dental operating microscope; Artificial intelligence stage: The carrying out of this stage will be solely undertaken by the principal investigator. The CBCT images will be uploaded to convolutional neural network software (CNN) that uses a deep learning algorithm and CBCT segmentation. The software will then record the number of canals it found

Diagnostic test: CBCT; Mandibular molar indicated for retreatment will be scanned using limited field of view CBCT to examine the number of canals; Diagnostic test: clinical examination under dental operating microscope; the number of canals will be examined by an a randomly assigned operator following gutta percha removal under dental operating microscope; Diagnostic test: canal detection AI software (diagnocat); software used to analyze CBCT images and report the number of canals

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of canals	the numbers of canals in mandibular molars indicated for retreatment will be measured using CBCT, clinical under dental operating microscope, and using AI software	The day of the procedure

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
linear morphological variations in failed cases	This outcome will measure I)Inter orifice distance II)Canal configuration. III)Width of the root, in millimeters	Following the CBCT stage, an average of one week

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Misr International University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 25, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 2, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): October 10, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 26, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): March 22, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 22, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2024
• Last Verified: March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: MIU-IRB-2223-219

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No