Recovery With Tart Cherry Supplementation Following a Marathon.

March 18, 2024 updated by: Glyn Howatson, Northumbria University

The goal of this clinical trial is to compare recovery in healthy, active runners.

The main questions it aimed to answer were whether 7 day supplementation with Vistula TC attenuated:

  • muscle function
  • inflammation
  • soreness following a marathon run.

Participants will either consume a spray-dried tart cherry supplement or a calorie-matched placebo-control for 7 days, and complete a marathon. Participants will perform functional tests, be assessed for their perceptual recovery and markers of inflammation and muscle damage via:

  • maximal voluntary contractions
  • counter movement jumps
  • visual analog scales to assess soreness
  • blood samples

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Participants

Participants were recruited from a pool of runners taking part in the Kielder marathon, Northumberland, UK. Based on a previous study that examined the effects of TC on recovery after a marathon race, it was estimated that at 0.80 power and 0.05 significance, the minimum number of participants required to detect a ≥10% group difference (SD 8%) in one of our primary outcomes, MVC, would be n = 13 per group. Thirty-eight participants were initially recruited and provided written, informed consent. Three withdrew after baseline assessment, two due to illness and one that did not want to use the intervention before the race. Therefore, 35 recreationally active runners took part in this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, independent group design study. The participants were asked to maintain their habitual diet, and to fill in a short food log when they consumed foods/drinks, that were typically high in polyphenols, such as fruits & vegetables, fruit juices, nuts and seeds, chocolate and coffee/tea. Participants were asked to refrain from strenuous exercise (other than completing training runs before the marathon) for the duration of the study and to refrain from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory or analgesic drugs, and nutritional such as protein, and vitamins. This study received ethical approval from Northumbria University Ethics Committee (reference number: 1987) and it was registered as a clinical trial with clinicaltrials.gov (TBC).

Experimental Design

The study design was an independent group design that was double blinded, randomized, and placebo controlled. Participants were assigned to two groups to consume either the TC capsules or a placebo capsule, matched for calorific content. Participants were required to attend the laboratory for a familiarisation, baseline assessment (which took place 5-6 days before the race), and 24- and 48-h post-marathon. Participants had an assessment of their functional and perceptual measures of recovery, pre-, immediately post-, 24- and 48- h post-marathon. The loading phase for the intervention ingestion commenced four days prior to the marathon and on the day of the marathon, as well as the two days following, totaling seven days.

Marathon Characteristics

The marathon took place at Kielder Water, Northumberland, UK on the 08/10/23, and consisted of an almost entirely off-road course around northern Europe's largest man-made lake, Kielder Water, with a total ascent of 613 m and total descent 616 m. The environmental conditions on the day of the race were: barometric pressure, 1023 mb; temperature, 16 C; wind speed, 7 km/h; humidity, 99%. The conditions were wet under foot and there was a mist in the air causing reduced visibility (50 m).

Treatment and Dietary Control

The participants consumed either a placebo or a TC spray-dried extract made from a variety of TC know as 'Nadwiślanka' also called Vistula Cherries (extract brand name CherryCraft®, Iprona Lana SpA, South Tyrol, Italy). The invention was consumed in the form of capsules, twice per day for a period of seven days. The supplementation period was similar to previous studies and are summarized in a recent meta-analysis. The dose increased on the day of the damaging stimuli to increase the bioavailability of phytochemicals when exercise stress and its repercussions were elevated; previous bioavailability studies have shown that increasing the dose can elevate anthocyanin and phenolic acids. The participants were required to consume a lower dose (73.5 mg of anthocyanins, according to manufacturers data) for the first four days, then consume a higher dose (132.3 mg of anthocyanins, according to manufacturers data) for the remaining three days (day of marathon protocol, 24 and 48 h post). The loading dose was determined by replicating the average reported anthocyanin content from previous studies which used powdered TC products , which was 77 mg. Then the higher dose was approximately double, similarly to the papers which have observed some differences in dose-response relationship studies.

Functional Performance and Perceptual Variables

After a familiarisation (one week prior to baseline assessments), participants were assessed for their fatigue and recovery via measures of functional performance and perceptual variables at baseline (5-6 days prior to the race), immediately post, 24- and 48-h post- marathon.

Maximal Voluntary Contraction (MVC)

MVC was measured with a portable strain gauge (MIE Medical Research Ltd., Leeds, UK). All assessments were performed with the participants seated in an upright position. After adjusting the strap to ensure a 90° knee joint angle was attained (verified with a goniometer), participants were instructed to push against the strap with maximal force for a 3 s contraction. The peak value (N) from three maximal contractions (separated by 30 s) was used for analysis. Verbal encouragement was provided for all assessments.

Counter Movement Jump (CMJ)

CMJ height was measured using an Optojump system (Microgate, Bolzano, Italy), which calculated jump height (cm) via flight time. When performing the jumps, participants were instructed to keep their hands on their hips throughout the full movement. Participants were required to descend into a squat and jump vertically with maximum effort. Three maximal efforts were performed, separated by 30 s of passive (standing) recovery, and the average value was used for data analysis.

Active Muscle Soreness

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) of the participants lower limbs was assessed via the use of a 200 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Participants rated their lower limb soreness after performing one squat (at approximately 90° knee flexion) on a line with the far-left end point representing 'no pain' (0 mm) and the far-right end point representing 'extremely painful' (200 mm).

Passive Perceptual Wellness Variables

While seated the participants rated their feelings of soreness (passive), fatigue, energy sleepiness and readiness to train using a VAS with the far-left end point representing 'not at all' (0 mm) and the far-right end point representing 'extremely' (200 mm).

Blood Sampling Procedure

Venous blood samples were collected from a vein at antecubital fossa on four occasions (pre, immediately post, 24 and 48 h post the marathon). Samples were immediately centrifuged (3000 × g rpm) at 4°C for 15 min and the supernatant was aspirated into aliquots and then stored at -80°C until analysis. Serum was later analysed for CK and hs-CRP using an automated device (Cobas c702, Roche Diagnostics, Switzerland).

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

35

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United Kingdom
    • Tyne And Wear
      • Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne And Wear, United Kingdom, NE1 8ST
        • Northumbria University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Healthy
  • Active

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Food allergy
  • Smokers
  • Cardiovascular/gastrointestinal/thyroid/renal disease
  • Musculoskeletal injury

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Vistula Tart Cherry
Supplemented with tart cherries.
Dietary supplement: Tart Cherry
7 day supplementation
Placebo Comparator: Placebo
Supplemented with a calorie matched placebo.
Other: Placebo
7 day supplementation

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Maximal Voluntary Contraction
Time Frame: Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Leg extension MVC to measure functional recovery
Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Counter Movement Jump
Time Frame: Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Jump height assessment to measure functional recovery
Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Active Muscle Soreness
Time Frame: Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Visual analog scale to assess perceptual soreness, on a standard 200 mm line with the far-left end point representing 'no pain' (0 mm) and the far-right end point representing 'extremely painful' (200 mm).
Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Serum Concentration of High-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein
Time Frame: Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Blood sample to measure inflammation
Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Serum Concentration of Creatine Kinase
Time Frame: Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Blood sample to measure indirect muscle damage
Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Perceptual Measures
Time Frame: Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.
Assessed via visual analog scales: soreness (passive), fatigue, energy sleepiness and readiness to train. Using a standard 200 mm line, participants rated the aforementioned perceptions, with the far-left end point representing 'not at all' (0 mm) and the far-right end point representing 'extremely' (200 mm).
Measurements were taken on 4 separate occasions. Once at baseline, before supplementation began, which took place 5-6 days before the race. The measurement was taken again immediately post the marathon and again 24 and 48 hours post marathon.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Northumbria University

Collaborators

Iprona Lana SpA

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Glyn Howatson, Northumbria University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

October 11, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

October 11, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

March 11, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 18, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

March 27, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 27, 2024

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 18, 2024

Last Verified

March 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 1987 (Other Identifier: Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Foundation)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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