Patient Satisfaction During Cesarean Delivery

November 10, 2025 updated by: Geisinger Clinic

Patient Satisfaction of the Environment During Cesarean Delivery

The goal of this interventional study is to determine whether the option to listen to music during cesarean delivery increases the participants satisfaction. Participants and their support person will be asked to fill out a short survey and mark their satisfaction on a visual analog scale. Vital signs will be recorded during their procedure.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Currently, our institution does not routinely offer music during cesarean delivery. The goal of this study would be to determine whether the option to listen to music improves patient satisfaction. Also, the study would examine support person satisfaction and changes in maternal vital signs from prior to entering the operating room as compared to prior to exiting the operating room in a sample of patients. If positive satisfaction results are noted in those randomized to the music arm, this would be a low-cost intervention that providers could utilize to increase patient satisfaction during surgery.

This will be a prospective randomized controlled trial to determine whether the option of music being played in the operating room can impact the experience for the patient. Subjects will be randomized via central computer-generated randomization 1:1 to either have music played during their procedure or no music played during their procedure. A per protocol analysis will be performed.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

61

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Pennsylvania
      • Danville, Pennsylvania, United States, 17822
        • Geisinger

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Singleton pregnancy
  • Second or third cesarean delivery
  • Scheduled cesarean delivery at Geisinger Medical Center
  • Able and willing to provide consent
  • English speaking
  • Greater than or equal to 37 weeks' gestation

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Fetal anomaly
  • Multifetal gestation
  • Hearing loss requiring a sign interpreter or hearing aids
  • Planned general anesthesia
  • Intrauterine fetal demise
  • Participants that present in labor or require urgent/emergent cesarean delivery

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: No music
Participants who undergo cesarean delivery will not have music available to listen to during the procedure.
Experimental: Music
Participants who undergo cesarean delivery will have music of their choice played through bone conduction headphones.
Behavioral: Music
Participants will have bone conducting headphones available to listen to the music of their choice from premade Spotify playlists.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Participant satisfaction
Time Frame: This is collected during the study duration, on average 6 hours.
Visual analog scales from 0-10 (0=extremely unsatisfied, 10=extremely satisfied) will be collected by the patient marking on the line prior to the procedure and during skin closure.
This is collected during the study duration, on average 6 hours.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Support person satisfaction
Time Frame: This is collected through the duration of the study, on average 6 hours,
Visual analog scales from 0-10 (0=extremely unsatisfied, 10=extremely satisfied) will be collected by the support person marking on a line during the participant's skin closure.
This is collected through the duration of the study, on average 6 hours,
Heart rate
Time Frame: This will be collected during the study duration, an average 6 hours.
Participants heart rate will be recorded at the time of consent and during skin closure.
This will be collected during the study duration, an average 6 hours.
Music and satisfaction
Time Frame: This is collected during the study duration, on average 6 hours.
Patient's will be asked after their procedure whether they believe music did or would have improved their satisfaction during cesarean delivery using a visual analog scale (0-10)
This is collected during the study duration, on average 6 hours.
Blood pressure
Time Frame: This will be collected during the study duration, an average 6 hours.
Participants blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) will be recorded at the time of consent and during skin closure.
This will be collected during the study duration, an average 6 hours.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Geisinger Clinic

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Awathif D Mackeen, MD, Geisinger Clinic

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

November 25, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

November 10, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

November 10, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

July 8, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 1, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

August 6, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

November 12, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 10, 2025

Last Verified

November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 2024-0158

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

No personal or identifying information from individual participants will be collected. Aggregate data will thus be reported.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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