Late Postpartum Period and Pain

Incidence, Severity, and Determinants of Upper Back, Lower Back, and Pelvic Girdle Pain in the Late Postpartum Period

Upper back, lower back and pelvic girdle pain significantly affect women's lives, especially in the postpartum period. This study aimed to characterize the frequency and severity of upper back, lower back and pelvic girdle pain in the 0 to 2 months postpartum period. The study will be conducted as a cross-sectional and correlational study. Data will be collected using the Information Form and Brief Pain Inventory designed by the researchers. Data will be collected face to face with the participants at the end of the first week, the end of the first month and the end of the second month after birth. IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 software will be used in the analysis of the data.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Lower Back Pain; Pelvic Girdle Pain; Upper Back Pain

Detailed Description

Research questions

1. What are the prevalence rates of upper back, lower back, and pelvic girdle pain points during the 0-2 months postpartum period?
2. What are the severity rates of upper back, lower back, and pelvic girdle pain points during the 0-2 months postpartum period?
3. What are the determinants of upper back, lower back, and pelvic girdle pain points during the 0-2 months postpartum? The population of the study will consist of postpartum participants registered in a district family health center (FHC) in western Turkey, who meet the inclusion criteria and are willing to participate in the study. The total number of postpartum women registered in the family health center in the year before the study began was 383. Therefore, no sample calculation was made and all participants who gave birth within one year after the beginning of the study will be included in the study.

The data of the study will be collected using the Information Form, and Brief Pain Inventory.

Information Form: This form consists of 15 questions about sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics based on an extensive literature review on the topic.

Brief Pain Inventory: Developed by Cleeland and Ryan in 1994, the Pain Inventory consists of seven items related to pain intensity and the dimension of how pain interferes with daily activities.

Data collection The researcher will explain the purpose of the study to pregnant women who meet the inclusion criteria, invite them to participate, and obtain their consent. Data will be collected from participants at the end of the first postpartum week (when they attend the first postpartum follow-up visit and newborn heel prick test), at the end of the first month (day 28) (when they attend the second dose of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine), and at the end of the second month (week 8 postpartum) (when they attend the first dose of BCG, DTP-Hib-HBV, and IPV vaccines). At the first visit, participants will complete an information form and the Brief Pain Inventory. At the second and third meetings, they will complete only the Brief Pain Inventory.

Statistical analysis Statistical analysis will be performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Sociodemographic data will be evaluated using descriptive statistical methods (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation). Kolmogorov-Smirnov test will be used as normality test. Independent samples analysis, correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis will be used in the analyses. Significance will be accepted as p<0.05.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 243

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Kocaeli, Turkey, 41380
    • Kocaeli University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Participants who had given birth, aged 18-49, were registered at a district family health center (FHC) in western Turkey, met the inclusion criteria, and volunteered to participate in the study.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants who were 0-2 months postpartum,
• Could read and speak Turkish,
• Between the ages of 18-49.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants with past or current mental illness,
• Those taking antidepressant or anxiolytic medications,
• Rheumatoid arthritis,
• Ankylosing spondylitis,
• Scheuermann disease,
• Ehlers-danlos syndrome,
• Spinal surgery,
• Nerve root compression,
• Spondylolisthesis,
• Perineal edema,
• Hematoma,
• Wound dehiscence,
• Bladder catheterization,
• serious postpartum complications (internal bleeding, femoral artery embolism, pelvic fracture),
• Those whose babies are in the neonatal intensive care unit,
• Those who left the research unfinished.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
postpartum women; In the study, the upper back, lower back and pelvic girdle pain status of the participants in the postpartum period will be monitored.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation of upper back pain, lower back pain, and pelvic girdle pain	Filling out the tools used in the research (Information Form and Brief Pain Inventory)	Postpartum day 7.
Evaluation of upper back pain, lower back pain, and pelvic girdle pain	Filling out the tools used in the research (Information Form and Brief Pain Inventory)	Postpartum day 28.
Evaluation of upper back pain, lower back pain, and pelvic girdle pain	Filling out the tools used in the research (Information Form and Brief Pain Inventory)	Postpartum day 56.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Kocaeli University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 3, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 3, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): April 3, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 13, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 17, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 25, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 17, 2024
• Last Verified: April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: lower back pain; incidence; pelvic girdle pain; postpartum period; upper back pain
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Musculoskeletal Pain; Pelvic Pain; Back Pain; Pelvic Girdle Pain; Low Back Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: sdilek12

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No