Adjunctive Oral Iron Supplementation in Atopic Dermatitis

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adolescents aged 12 to 16 years.
2. Diagnosis of atopic dermatitis according to Hanifin and Rajka or UK Working Party criteria.
3. Mild to moderate disease defined as EASI score 1.1-7.0 for mild and 7.1-21.0 for moderate disease, according to the severity classification of Leshem et al. (2015).
4. Stable standard-of-care topical therapy for at least two weeks prior to enrolment.
5. Willingness to maintain baseline topical therapy throughout the study period.
6. Written informed consent from a parent or legal guardian and assent from the participant will be obtained prior to enrolment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Iron-related exclusions

  1. Known iron overload disorders (e.g., hereditary hemochromatosis).
  2. Ferritin above age- and sex-specific upper reference limits for adolescents (based on local laboratory pediatric reference ranges) in the absence of elevated CRP.

  3. Use of oral or intravenous iron supplementation within the previous three months.

     Hematologic exclusions

  4. Haemoglobin less than 8 g/dL. Participants excluded on this basis will be referred to the haematology clinic for evaluation and management of severe anaemia, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (Article 37).
  5. Known hemoglobinopathies (e.g., thalassemia major, sickle cell disease).
  6. Active bleeding or known bleeding disorders. Dermatologic exclusions
  7. Presence of other chronic inflammatory skin diseases that may interfere with assessment (e.g., psoriasis, bullous disorders).
  8. Active skin infection requiring systemic antibiotic therapy.

  9. Use of systemic treatments for atopic dermatitis, including:

     • Systemic corticosteroids
     • Immunosuppressants
     • Biologic therapies within the following washout periods: dupilumab ≥12-16 weeks; cyclosporine ≥4 weeks; methotrexate ≥4-6 weeks; systemic corticosteroids ≥2-4 weeks.

     Systemic exclusions

  10. Severe chronic illnesses that may affect study participation or safety, including:

      • Advanced kidney disease
      • Chronic liver disease
  11. Any other medical condition that, in the investigator's judgment, may interfere with study participation or outcomes.