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Ventriloscope Simulation Stethoscope Training in PT and AT Students (VENTAS)

23. april 2026 opdateret af: Edmund Ickert, Youngstown State University

The Effect of Ventriloscope Simulation Stethoscope Training on Auscultation Knowledge, Skill, and Confidence in Physical Therapy and Athletic Training Students: A Longitudinal Within-Subjects Study

This longitudinal, single-cohort, within-subjects study evaluates whether sequential exposure to Ventriloscope simulation stethoscope training, delivered after traditional auscultation instruction, enhances auscultation knowledge, clinical sound recognition skill, and self-reported confidence in Physical Therapy (PT) and Athletic Training (AT) students, and whether any enhancement is retained two months after training.

All participating students receive both training modalities in sequence. Knowledge, skill, and confidence are measured at five timepoints (T1-T5) across approximately five months. A qualitative component examines student perceptions of the two training modalities.

Studieoversigt

Status

Ikke rekrutterer endnu

Betingelser

Intervention / Behandling

Detaljeret beskrivelse

Auscultation is a required clinical competency for physical therapists and athletic trainers, yet evidence-based instructional tools remain limited. Simulation stethoscopes, such as the Ventriloscope (Lecat's SimplySim, Canton, OH), pair a standard-appearing stethoscope with a wireless transmitter that delivers pre-recorded pathologic heart and lung sounds to the learner as though originating from a live patient. Prior work has shown benefit in pharmacy, paramedic, and DPT populations, but no published study has evaluated this technology in Athletic Training students, used a within-subjects longitudinal design tracking the same participants across traditional and simulation training, or included a qualitative comparison of student perceptions.

Design: Single-cohort, longitudinal, within-subjects repeated-measures study with an embedded qualitative component.

Timepoints: T1 Pre-Traditional (May 2026); T2 Post-Traditional (May 2026); T3 Pre-Ventriloscope, ~2-month retention check (July 2026); T4 Post-Ventriloscope (July 2026); T5 2-month Follow-Up (September 2026).

Interventions: (1) Traditional auscultation training session (~90 min) including didactic lecture and peer auscultation with standard stethoscopes; (2) Ventriloscope simulation training session (~90 min) including device orientation, three-step technique instruction, and rotation through eight pre-programmed PT/AT-relevant case stations.

Rationale for single-cohort design: A two-arm design would require withholding a potentially beneficial educational intervention from half of a required clinical curriculum, which presents ethical concerns in a health professions education context. All participants receive both interventions sequentially.

Undersøgelsestype

Interventionel

Tilmelding (Anslået)

60

Fase

  • Ikke anvendelig

Kontakter og lokationer

Dette afsnit indeholder kontaktoplysninger for dem, der udfører undersøgelsen, og oplysninger om, hvor denne undersøgelse udføres.

Studiekontakt

  • Navn: Edmund Ickert, PT, DPT, PhD
  • Telefonnummer: 330-941-1326
  • E-mail: ecickert@ysu.edu

Undersøgelse Kontakt Backup

  • Navn: Morgan Bagley, PhD, AT, ATC
  • Telefonnummer: 330-941-3650
  • E-mail: mcbagley@ysu.edu

Studiesteder

  • Forenede Stater
    • Ohio
      • Youngstown, Ohio, Forenede Stater, 44555
        • Youngstown State University
        • Kontakt:
          • Edmund Ickert, PT, DPT, PhD
          • Telefonnummer: 330-941-1326
          • E-mail: ecickert@ysu.edu
        • Kontakt:
          • Morgan Bagley, AT, ATC, PhD
          • Telefonnummer: 330-941-3650
          • E-mail: mcbagley@ysu.edu
        • Underforsker:
          • Alan Koren, AT, ATC, MS
        • Underforsker:
          • Omar Ross, PT, DPT

Deltagelseskriterier

Forskere leder efter personer, der passer til en bestemt beskrivelse, kaldet berettigelseskriterier. Nogle eksempler på disse kriterier er en persons generelle helbredstilstand eller tidligere behandlinger.

Berettigelseskriterier

Aldre berettiget til at studere

  • Voksen
  • Ældre voksen

Tager imod sunde frivillige

Ja

Beskrivelse

Non-Probability Sample was utilized which included a sample of convenience drawn from the current cohort of YSU PT and AT graduate students.

Graduate students currently enrolled in the Youngstown State University Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program or the Master of Athletic Training (MAT) program who are concurrently receiving auscultation instruction as part of their standard curriculum.

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Currently enrolled in the YSU PT (DPT) or AT (MAT) professional program
  • Enrolled in Human Anatomy PHYT 8810 (PT) or Human Anatomy MAT 6908 (AT), in which auscultation instruction is delivered
  • Age 18 years or older
  • Able to provide voluntary written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Prior formal clinical auscultation training as part of a prior healthcare degree (e.g., nursing, respiratory therapy, medicine, physician assistant)
  • Inability to participate in both training sessions due to academic leave, course withdrawal, or scheduling conflict that cannot be reasonably accommodated

Studieplan

Dette afsnit indeholder detaljer om studieplanen, herunder hvordan undersøgelsen er designet, og hvad undersøgelsen måler.

Hvordan er undersøgelsen tilrettelagt?

Design detaljer

  • Primært formål: Andet
  • Tildeling: N/A
  • Interventionel model: Enkelt gruppeopgave
  • Maskning: Ingen (Åben etiket)

Våben og indgreb

Deltagergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandling
Eksperimentel: Sequential Traditional+Ventriloscope Training
A single cohort of PT and AT students receives traditional auscultation training in summer, followed by Ventriloscope simulation stethoscope training approximately two months later. All participants receive both interventions. Assessments occur at T1 (pre-traditional), T2 (post-traditional), T3 (pre-Ventriloscope / 2-month retention), T4 (post-Ventriloscope), and T5 (2-month follow-up).
Adfærdsmæssigt: Traditional Auscultation Training
Approximately 90-minute faculty-led session delivered in a skills laboratory. Components include: (1) introduction and stethoscope device orientation; (2) didactic lecture on cardiac/pulmonary anatomy, sound generation; (3) peer cardiac auscultation practice at the four standard landmarks with standard stethoscopes; (4) peer pulmonary auscultation practice with standard stethoscopes; and (6) Q&A and wrap-up
Adfærdsmæssigt: Ventriloscope Simulation Training
Approximately 90-minute faculty-led session delivered in the same skills laboratory by the same instructor(s) approximately two months after the traditional session. The Ventriloscope (Lecat's SimplySim, Canton, OH) pairs a standard-appearing stethoscope with a wireless transmitter; a trained faculty facilitator triggers pre-recorded pathologic sounds via remote when the student places the chest piece on a peer standardized patient. Components include: (1) device orientation; (2) three-step technique and troubleshooting instruction; (3) rotation through eight pre-programmed clinical case stations; (4) post-station faculty-facilitated debrief; and (5) Q&A and wrap-up.

Hvad måler undersøgelsen?

Primære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Auscultaqtion Knowledge Score
Tidsramme: Measured at T1 (baseline, Week 0), T2 (immediately post-traditional, Week 0), T3 (~Week 8, pre-Ventriloscope retention check), T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8), and T5 (~Week 16, 2-month follow-up)
Written multiple-choice knowledge assessment measuring clinical interpretation and procedures for auscultation, adapted with permission from Sherman et al. (2011) and revised to reflect PT and AT scope of practice. Parallel-form versions are used across timepoints to reduce test-retest effects. Scores are reported as percent correct (0-100).
Measured at T1 (baseline, Week 0), T2 (immediately post-traditional, Week 0), T3 (~Week 8, pre-Ventriloscope retention check), T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8), and T5 (~Week 16, 2-month follow-up)
Clinical Sound Recognition Skill Score
Tidsramme: Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (same schedule as the knowledge outcome; spanning approximately 16 weeks)
Structured 16-item practical assessment (7 cardiac: 3 normal, 4 abnormal; 9 pulmonary: 3 normal, 6 abnormal) in which students listen to standardized audio presentations blinded to training condition and identify sound type and normal/abnormal clinical significance. Items scored dichotomously (1 = correct, 0 = incorrect); total score range 0-16. Item order randomized at each administration.
Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (same schedule as the knowledge outcome; spanning approximately 16 weeks)
Self-Reported Auscultation Confidence
Tidsramme: Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (spanning approximately 16 weeks)
9-item Likert-scale survey (1 = Not at all confident to 5 = Extremely confident) adapted from Sherman et al. (2011) and Vatwani et al. (2023), measuring confidence across four domains: (a) performing auscultation technique, (b) identifying normal heart and lung sounds, (c) identifying abnormal heart and lung sounds, and (d) applying auscultation findings in a clinical context, with additional items addressing PT/AT scope-of-practice considerations. Total score reported as mean item response.
Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (spanning approximately 16 weeks)

Sekundære resultatmål

Resultatmål
Foranstaltningsbeskrivelse
Tidsramme
Student Perceptions of Training Modalities (Qualitative)
Tidsramme: Measured at T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8) and T5 (2-month follow-up, ~Week 16)
Open-ended questionnaire asking participants to describe and compare their experiences with traditional and Ventriloscope training across four domains: perceived realism, engagement, clinical relevance, and perceived impact on clinical readiness. Responses analyzed via conventional content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) with two independent coders; inter-rater reliability calculated using Cohen's kappa (target > 0.70). Outcome reported as thematic categories with frequency and representative de-identified quotes.
Measured at T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8) and T5 (2-month follow-up, ~Week 16)

Samarbejdspartnere og efterforskere

Det er her, du vil finde personer og organisationer, der er involveret i denne undersøgelse.

Sponsor

Youngstown State University

Efterforskere

  • Ledende efterforsker: Edmund Ickert, PT, DPT, PhD, Youngstown State University

Publikationer og nyttige links

Den person, der er ansvarlig for at indtaste oplysninger om undersøgelsen, leverer frivilligt disse publikationer. Disse kan handle om alt relateret til undersøgelsen.

Generelle publikationer

Datoer for undersøgelser

Disse datoer sporer fremskridtene for indsendelser af undersøgelsesrekord og resumeresultater til ClinicalTrials.gov. Studieregistreringer og rapporterede resultater gennemgås af National Library of Medicine (NLM) for at sikre, at de opfylder specifikke kvalitetskontrolstandarder, før de offentliggøres på den offentlige hjemmeside.

Studer store datoer

Studiestart (Anslået)

11. maj 2026

Primær færdiggørelse (Anslået)

30. september 2026

Studieafslutning (Anslået)

19. oktober 2026

Datoer for studieregistrering

Først indsendt

23. april 2026

Først indsendt, der opfyldte QC-kriterier

23. april 2026

Først opslået (Faktiske)

30. april 2026

Opdateringer af undersøgelsesjournaler

Sidste opdatering sendt (Faktiske)

30. april 2026

Sidste opdatering indsendt, der opfyldte kvalitetskontrolkriterier

23. april 2026

Sidst verificeret

1. april 2026

Mere information

Begreber relateret til denne undersøgelse

Nøgleord

Andre undersøgelses-id-numre

  • 2026-295

Plan for individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)

Planlægger du at dele individuelle deltagerdata (IPD)?

INGEN

IPD-planbeskrivelse

Individual participant data will not be shared. Only aggregate, de-identified data will appear in publications and presentations, consistent with the consent provided to participants and with institutional data-retention policies (5 years post-study completion).

Lægemiddel- og udstyrsoplysninger, undersøgelsesdokumenter

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