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Ventriloscope Simulation Stethoscope Training in PT and AT Students (VENTAS)

23 aprile 2026 aggiornato da: Edmund Ickert, Youngstown State University

The Effect of Ventriloscope Simulation Stethoscope Training on Auscultation Knowledge, Skill, and Confidence in Physical Therapy and Athletic Training Students: A Longitudinal Within-Subjects Study

This longitudinal, single-cohort, within-subjects study evaluates whether sequential exposure to Ventriloscope simulation stethoscope training, delivered after traditional auscultation instruction, enhances auscultation knowledge, clinical sound recognition skill, and self-reported confidence in Physical Therapy (PT) and Athletic Training (AT) students, and whether any enhancement is retained two months after training.

All participating students receive both training modalities in sequence. Knowledge, skill, and confidence are measured at five timepoints (T1-T5) across approximately five months. A qualitative component examines student perceptions of the two training modalities.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Non ancora reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Auscultation is a required clinical competency for physical therapists and athletic trainers, yet evidence-based instructional tools remain limited. Simulation stethoscopes, such as the Ventriloscope (Lecat's SimplySim, Canton, OH), pair a standard-appearing stethoscope with a wireless transmitter that delivers pre-recorded pathologic heart and lung sounds to the learner as though originating from a live patient. Prior work has shown benefit in pharmacy, paramedic, and DPT populations, but no published study has evaluated this technology in Athletic Training students, used a within-subjects longitudinal design tracking the same participants across traditional and simulation training, or included a qualitative comparison of student perceptions.

Design: Single-cohort, longitudinal, within-subjects repeated-measures study with an embedded qualitative component.

Timepoints: T1 Pre-Traditional (May 2026); T2 Post-Traditional (May 2026); T3 Pre-Ventriloscope, ~2-month retention check (July 2026); T4 Post-Ventriloscope (July 2026); T5 2-month Follow-Up (September 2026).

Interventions: (1) Traditional auscultation training session (~90 min) including didactic lecture and peer auscultation with standard stethoscopes; (2) Ventriloscope simulation training session (~90 min) including device orientation, three-step technique instruction, and rotation through eight pre-programmed PT/AT-relevant case stations.

Rationale for single-cohort design: A two-arm design would require withholding a potentially beneficial educational intervention from half of a required clinical curriculum, which presents ethical concerns in a health professions education context. All participants receive both interventions sequentially.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

60

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

  • Nome: Edmund Ickert, PT, DPT, PhD
  • Numero di telefono: 330-941-1326
  • Email: ecickert@ysu.edu

Backup dei contatti dello studio

  • Nome: Morgan Bagley, PhD, AT, ATC
  • Numero di telefono: 330-941-3650
  • Email: mcbagley@ysu.edu

Luoghi di studio

  • Stati Uniti
    • Ohio
      • Youngstown, Ohio, Stati Uniti, 44555
        • Youngstown State University
        • Contatto:
          • Edmund Ickert, PT, DPT, PhD
          • Numero di telefono: 330-941-1326
          • Email: ecickert@ysu.edu
        • Contatto:
          • Morgan Bagley, AT, ATC, PhD
          • Numero di telefono: 330-941-3650
          • Email: mcbagley@ysu.edu
        • Sub-investigatore:
          • Alan Koren, AT, ATC, MS
        • Sub-investigatore:
          • Omar Ross, PT, DPT

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto
  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

Sì

Descrizione

Non-Probability Sample was utilized which included a sample of convenience drawn from the current cohort of YSU PT and AT graduate students.

Graduate students currently enrolled in the Youngstown State University Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program or the Master of Athletic Training (MAT) program who are concurrently receiving auscultation instruction as part of their standard curriculum.

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Currently enrolled in the YSU PT (DPT) or AT (MAT) professional program
  • Enrolled in Human Anatomy PHYT 8810 (PT) or Human Anatomy MAT 6908 (AT), in which auscultation instruction is delivered
  • Age 18 years or older
  • Able to provide voluntary written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Prior formal clinical auscultation training as part of a prior healthcare degree (e.g., nursing, respiratory therapy, medicine, physician assistant)
  • Inability to participate in both training sessions due to academic leave, course withdrawal, or scheduling conflict that cannot be reasonably accommodated

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Altro
  • Assegnazione: N / A
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione di gruppo singolo
  • Mascheramento: Nessuno (etichetta aperta)

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Sequential Traditional+Ventriloscope Training
A single cohort of PT and AT students receives traditional auscultation training in summer, followed by Ventriloscope simulation stethoscope training approximately two months later. All participants receive both interventions. Assessments occur at T1 (pre-traditional), T2 (post-traditional), T3 (pre-Ventriloscope / 2-month retention), T4 (post-Ventriloscope), and T5 (2-month follow-up).
Comportamentale: Traditional Auscultation Training
Approximately 90-minute faculty-led session delivered in a skills laboratory. Components include: (1) introduction and stethoscope device orientation; (2) didactic lecture on cardiac/pulmonary anatomy, sound generation; (3) peer cardiac auscultation practice at the four standard landmarks with standard stethoscopes; (4) peer pulmonary auscultation practice with standard stethoscopes; and (6) Q&A and wrap-up
Comportamentale: Ventriloscope Simulation Training
Approximately 90-minute faculty-led session delivered in the same skills laboratory by the same instructor(s) approximately two months after the traditional session. The Ventriloscope (Lecat's SimplySim, Canton, OH) pairs a standard-appearing stethoscope with a wireless transmitter; a trained faculty facilitator triggers pre-recorded pathologic sounds via remote when the student places the chest piece on a peer standardized patient. Components include: (1) device orientation; (2) three-step technique and troubleshooting instruction; (3) rotation through eight pre-programmed clinical case stations; (4) post-station faculty-facilitated debrief; and (5) Q&A and wrap-up.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Auscultaqtion Knowledge Score
Lasso di tempo: Measured at T1 (baseline, Week 0), T2 (immediately post-traditional, Week 0), T3 (~Week 8, pre-Ventriloscope retention check), T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8), and T5 (~Week 16, 2-month follow-up)
Written multiple-choice knowledge assessment measuring clinical interpretation and procedures for auscultation, adapted with permission from Sherman et al. (2011) and revised to reflect PT and AT scope of practice. Parallel-form versions are used across timepoints to reduce test-retest effects. Scores are reported as percent correct (0-100).
Measured at T1 (baseline, Week 0), T2 (immediately post-traditional, Week 0), T3 (~Week 8, pre-Ventriloscope retention check), T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8), and T5 (~Week 16, 2-month follow-up)
Clinical Sound Recognition Skill Score
Lasso di tempo: Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (same schedule as the knowledge outcome; spanning approximately 16 weeks)
Structured 16-item practical assessment (7 cardiac: 3 normal, 4 abnormal; 9 pulmonary: 3 normal, 6 abnormal) in which students listen to standardized audio presentations blinded to training condition and identify sound type and normal/abnormal clinical significance. Items scored dichotomously (1 = correct, 0 = incorrect); total score range 0-16. Item order randomized at each administration.
Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (same schedule as the knowledge outcome; spanning approximately 16 weeks)
Self-Reported Auscultation Confidence
Lasso di tempo: Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (spanning approximately 16 weeks)
9-item Likert-scale survey (1 = Not at all confident to 5 = Extremely confident) adapted from Sherman et al. (2011) and Vatwani et al. (2023), measuring confidence across four domains: (a) performing auscultation technique, (b) identifying normal heart and lung sounds, (c) identifying abnormal heart and lung sounds, and (d) applying auscultation findings in a clinical context, with additional items addressing PT/AT scope-of-practice considerations. Total score reported as mean item response.
Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (spanning approximately 16 weeks)

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Student Perceptions of Training Modalities (Qualitative)
Lasso di tempo: Measured at T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8) and T5 (2-month follow-up, ~Week 16)
Open-ended questionnaire asking participants to describe and compare their experiences with traditional and Ventriloscope training across four domains: perceived realism, engagement, clinical relevance, and perceived impact on clinical readiness. Responses analyzed via conventional content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) with two independent coders; inter-rater reliability calculated using Cohen's kappa (target > 0.70). Outcome reported as thematic categories with frequency and representative de-identified quotes.
Measured at T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8) and T5 (2-month follow-up, ~Week 16)

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

Youngstown State University

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Edmund Ickert, PT, DPT, PhD, Youngstown State University

Pubblicazioni e link utili

La persona responsabile dell'inserimento delle informazioni sullo studio fornisce volontariamente queste pubblicazioni. Questi possono riguardare qualsiasi cosa relativa allo studio.

Pubblicazioni generali

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Stimato)

11 maggio 2026

Completamento primario (Stimato)

30 settembre 2026

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

19 ottobre 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

23 aprile 2026

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

23 aprile 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

30 aprile 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

30 aprile 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

23 aprile 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 aprile 2026

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Parole chiave

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • 2026-295

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Descrizione del piano IPD

Individual participant data will not be shared. Only aggregate, de-identified data will appear in publications and presentations, consistent with the consent provided to participants and with institutional data-retention policies (5 years post-study completion).

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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