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Ventriloscope Simulation Stethoscope Training in PT and AT Students (VENTAS)

23. April 2026 aktualisiert von: Edmund Ickert, Youngstown State University

The Effect of Ventriloscope Simulation Stethoscope Training on Auscultation Knowledge, Skill, and Confidence in Physical Therapy and Athletic Training Students: A Longitudinal Within-Subjects Study

This longitudinal, single-cohort, within-subjects study evaluates whether sequential exposure to Ventriloscope simulation stethoscope training, delivered after traditional auscultation instruction, enhances auscultation knowledge, clinical sound recognition skill, and self-reported confidence in Physical Therapy (PT) and Athletic Training (AT) students, and whether any enhancement is retained two months after training.

All participating students receive both training modalities in sequence. Knowledge, skill, and confidence are measured at five timepoints (T1-T5) across approximately five months. A qualitative component examines student perceptions of the two training modalities.

Studienübersicht

Status

Noch keine Rekrutierung

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

Auscultation is a required clinical competency for physical therapists and athletic trainers, yet evidence-based instructional tools remain limited. Simulation stethoscopes, such as the Ventriloscope (Lecat's SimplySim, Canton, OH), pair a standard-appearing stethoscope with a wireless transmitter that delivers pre-recorded pathologic heart and lung sounds to the learner as though originating from a live patient. Prior work has shown benefit in pharmacy, paramedic, and DPT populations, but no published study has evaluated this technology in Athletic Training students, used a within-subjects longitudinal design tracking the same participants across traditional and simulation training, or included a qualitative comparison of student perceptions.

Design: Single-cohort, longitudinal, within-subjects repeated-measures study with an embedded qualitative component.

Timepoints: T1 Pre-Traditional (May 2026); T2 Post-Traditional (May 2026); T3 Pre-Ventriloscope, ~2-month retention check (July 2026); T4 Post-Ventriloscope (July 2026); T5 2-month Follow-Up (September 2026).

Interventions: (1) Traditional auscultation training session (~90 min) including didactic lecture and peer auscultation with standard stethoscopes; (2) Ventriloscope simulation training session (~90 min) including device orientation, three-step technique instruction, and rotation through eight pre-programmed PT/AT-relevant case stations.

Rationale for single-cohort design: A two-arm design would require withholding a potentially beneficial educational intervention from half of a required clinical curriculum, which presents ethical concerns in a health professions education context. All participants receive both interventions sequentially.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Geschätzt)

60

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienkontakt

  • Name: Edmund Ickert, PT, DPT, PhD
  • Telefonnummer: 330-941-1326
  • E-Mail: ecickert@ysu.edu

Studieren Sie die Kontaktsicherung

  • Name: Morgan Bagley, PhD, AT, ATC
  • Telefonnummer: 330-941-3650
  • E-Mail: mcbagley@ysu.edu

Studienorte

  • Vereinigte Staaten
    • Ohio
      • Youngstown, Ohio, Vereinigte Staaten, 44555
        • Youngstown State University
        • Kontakt:
          • Edmund Ickert, PT, DPT, PhD
          • Telefonnummer: 330-941-1326
          • E-Mail: ecickert@ysu.edu
        • Kontakt:
          • Morgan Bagley, AT, ATC, PhD
          • Telefonnummer: 330-941-3650
          • E-Mail: mcbagley@ysu.edu
        • Unterermittler:
          • Alan Koren, AT, ATC, MS
        • Unterermittler:
          • Omar Ross, PT, DPT

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

  • Erwachsene
  • Älterer Erwachsener

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Ja

Beschreibung

Non-Probability Sample was utilized which included a sample of convenience drawn from the current cohort of YSU PT and AT graduate students.

Graduate students currently enrolled in the Youngstown State University Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) program or the Master of Athletic Training (MAT) program who are concurrently receiving auscultation instruction as part of their standard curriculum.

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Currently enrolled in the YSU PT (DPT) or AT (MAT) professional program
  • Enrolled in Human Anatomy PHYT 8810 (PT) or Human Anatomy MAT 6908 (AT), in which auscultation instruction is delivered
  • Age 18 years or older
  • Able to provide voluntary written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Prior formal clinical auscultation training as part of a prior healthcare degree (e.g., nursing, respiratory therapy, medicine, physician assistant)
  • Inability to participate in both training sessions due to academic leave, course withdrawal, or scheduling conflict that cannot be reasonably accommodated

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Sonstiges
  • Zuteilung: N / A
  • Interventionsmodell: Einzelgruppenzuweisung
  • Maskierung: Keine (Offenes Etikett)

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Experimental: Sequential Traditional+Ventriloscope Training
A single cohort of PT and AT students receives traditional auscultation training in summer, followed by Ventriloscope simulation stethoscope training approximately two months later. All participants receive both interventions. Assessments occur at T1 (pre-traditional), T2 (post-traditional), T3 (pre-Ventriloscope / 2-month retention), T4 (post-Ventriloscope), and T5 (2-month follow-up).
Verhalten: Traditional Auscultation Training
Approximately 90-minute faculty-led session delivered in a skills laboratory. Components include: (1) introduction and stethoscope device orientation; (2) didactic lecture on cardiac/pulmonary anatomy, sound generation; (3) peer cardiac auscultation practice at the four standard landmarks with standard stethoscopes; (4) peer pulmonary auscultation practice with standard stethoscopes; and (6) Q&A and wrap-up
Verhalten: Ventriloscope Simulation Training
Approximately 90-minute faculty-led session delivered in the same skills laboratory by the same instructor(s) approximately two months after the traditional session. The Ventriloscope (Lecat's SimplySim, Canton, OH) pairs a standard-appearing stethoscope with a wireless transmitter; a trained faculty facilitator triggers pre-recorded pathologic sounds via remote when the student places the chest piece on a peer standardized patient. Components include: (1) device orientation; (2) three-step technique and troubleshooting instruction; (3) rotation through eight pre-programmed clinical case stations; (4) post-station faculty-facilitated debrief; and (5) Q&A and wrap-up.

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Auscultaqtion Knowledge Score
Zeitfenster: Measured at T1 (baseline, Week 0), T2 (immediately post-traditional, Week 0), T3 (~Week 8, pre-Ventriloscope retention check), T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8), and T5 (~Week 16, 2-month follow-up)
Written multiple-choice knowledge assessment measuring clinical interpretation and procedures for auscultation, adapted with permission from Sherman et al. (2011) and revised to reflect PT and AT scope of practice. Parallel-form versions are used across timepoints to reduce test-retest effects. Scores are reported as percent correct (0-100).
Measured at T1 (baseline, Week 0), T2 (immediately post-traditional, Week 0), T3 (~Week 8, pre-Ventriloscope retention check), T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8), and T5 (~Week 16, 2-month follow-up)
Clinical Sound Recognition Skill Score
Zeitfenster: Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (same schedule as the knowledge outcome; spanning approximately 16 weeks)
Structured 16-item practical assessment (7 cardiac: 3 normal, 4 abnormal; 9 pulmonary: 3 normal, 6 abnormal) in which students listen to standardized audio presentations blinded to training condition and identify sound type and normal/abnormal clinical significance. Items scored dichotomously (1 = correct, 0 = incorrect); total score range 0-16. Item order randomized at each administration.
Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (same schedule as the knowledge outcome; spanning approximately 16 weeks)
Self-Reported Auscultation Confidence
Zeitfenster: Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (spanning approximately 16 weeks)
9-item Likert-scale survey (1 = Not at all confident to 5 = Extremely confident) adapted from Sherman et al. (2011) and Vatwani et al. (2023), measuring confidence across four domains: (a) performing auscultation technique, (b) identifying normal heart and lung sounds, (c) identifying abnormal heart and lung sounds, and (d) applying auscultation findings in a clinical context, with additional items addressing PT/AT scope-of-practice considerations. Total score reported as mean item response.
Measured at T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 (spanning approximately 16 weeks)

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Student Perceptions of Training Modalities (Qualitative)
Zeitfenster: Measured at T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8) and T5 (2-month follow-up, ~Week 16)
Open-ended questionnaire asking participants to describe and compare their experiences with traditional and Ventriloscope training across four domains: perceived realism, engagement, clinical relevance, and perceived impact on clinical readiness. Responses analyzed via conventional content analysis (Hsieh & Shannon, 2005) with two independent coders; inter-rater reliability calculated using Cohen's kappa (target > 0.70). Outcome reported as thematic categories with frequency and representative de-identified quotes.
Measured at T4 (immediately post-Ventriloscope, ~Week 8) and T5 (2-month follow-up, ~Week 16)

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

Youngstown State University

Ermittler

  • Hauptermittler: Edmund Ickert, PT, DPT, PhD, Youngstown State University

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Geschätzt)

11. Mai 2026

Primärer Abschluss (Geschätzt)

30. September 2026

Studienabschluss (Geschätzt)

19. Oktober 2026

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

23. April 2026

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

23. April 2026

Zuerst gepostet (Tatsächlich)

30. April 2026

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

30. April 2026

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

23. April 2026

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. April 2026

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Schlüsselwörter

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • 2026-295

Plan für individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD)

Planen Sie, individuelle Teilnehmerdaten (IPD) zu teilen?

NEIN

Beschreibung des IPD-Plans

Individual participant data will not be shared. Only aggregate, de-identified data will appear in publications and presentations, consistent with the consent provided to participants and with institutional data-retention policies (5 years post-study completion).

Arzneimittel- und Geräteinformationen, Studienunterlagen

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Arzneimittelprodukt

Nein

Studiert ein von der US-amerikanischen FDA reguliertes Geräteprodukt

Nein

Diese Informationen wurden ohne Änderungen direkt von der Website clinicaltrials.gov abgerufen. Wenn Sie Ihre Studiendaten ändern, entfernen oder aktualisieren möchten, wenden Sie sich bitte an register@clinicaltrials.gov. Sobald eine Änderung auf clinicaltrials.gov implementiert wird, wird diese automatisch auch auf unserer Website aktualisiert .

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