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Trunk Control Exercises and Mirror Therapy on Balance and Posture in Parkinson's Disease

21 maggio 2026 aggiornato da: University of Lahore

Effects of Trunk Control Exercises and Mirror Therapy on Balance and Posture in Patients With Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is movement disorder of the nervous system that worsens over time. As nerve cells (neurons) in parts of the brain weaken or are damaged or die, people may begin to notice problems with movement, tremor, stiffness in the limbs or the trunk of the body, or impaired balance. As these symptoms become more obvious, people may have difficulty walking, talking, or completing other simple tasks. Not everyone with one or more of these symptoms has PD, as the symptoms appear in other diseases as well.

Both non-modifiable (age, gender) and modifiable risk factors such as occupation, exposure to pesticides, and depression have an association with PD. Several studies have suggested that Parkinson disease is more common in men. The MT mechanism is based on the concept of visual illusion. The movement of the non-paretic part in front of the mirror (reflective side) is perceived as that of the paretic body part (hidden beside the mirror). MT allows an individual to have an experience of normal movement, even for the severely paralyzed limb. In addition, wherever other rehabilitation methods fail to induce normal movements without any compensation, MT may act as a foundation step for further motor therapy. The perception of movement illusion, a neuropsychological phenomenon may induce neural activation of the lesioned brain and enhance associated motor recovery. Therefore the aim of this study is to compare the effects of truck control exercise program and mirror therapy on balance and postural instability in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Panoramica dello studio

Stato

Reclutamento

Condizioni

Intervento / Trattamento

Descrizione dettagliata

Parkinson's disease (PD) is movement disorder of the nervous system that worsens over time. As nerve cells (neurons) in parts of the brain weaken or are damaged or die, people may begin to notice problems with movement, tremor, stiffness in the limbs or the trunk of the body, or impaired balance. As these symptoms become more obvious, people may have difficulty walking, talking, or completing other simple tasks. Not everyone with one or more of these symptoms has PD, as the symptoms appear in other diseases as well. Both non-modifiable (age, gender) and modifiable risk factors such as occupation, exposure to pesticides, and depression have an association with PD. Several studies have suggested that Parkinson disease is more common in men. The MT mechanism is based on the concept of visual illusion. The movement of the non-paretic part in front of the mirror (reflective side) is perceived as that of the paretic body part (hidden beside the mirror). MT allows an individual to have an experience of normal movement, even for the severely paralyzed limb. In addition, wherever other rehabilitation methods fail to induce normal movements without any compensation, MT may act as a foundation step for further motor therapy. The perception of movement illusion, a neuropsychological phenomenon may induce neural activation of the lesioned brain and enhance associated motor recovery. Therefore the aim of this study is to compare the effects of truck control exercise program and mirror therapy on balance and postural instability in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Screening: Patients will be screened to meet inclusion criteria. The consent form will be taken from patients then patients will be randomly allocated into two groups (28 in each group). Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into experimental and control groups using the computer software. The study will be single-blinded. The assessor will be unaware of the treatment given to both groups. Data will be collected at baseline and then at the end of the sixth week. Before applying intervention, Berg Balance scale will be used to measure level of balance and goniometer will be used to measure two-dimensional angular deviations between the pelvis and the upper part of the trunk.

Tipo di studio

Interventistico

Iscrizione (Stimato)

36

Fase

  • Non applicabile

Contatti e Sedi

Questa sezione fornisce i recapiti di coloro che conducono lo studio e informazioni su dove viene condotto lo studio.

Contatto studio

Backup dei contatti dello studio

Luoghi di studio

  • Pakistan
    • Punjab Province
      • Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, 54000
        • Reclutamento
        • Nimra Nadeem
        • Contatto:
        • Contatto:
        • Investigatore principale:
          • Nimra Nadeem, MS-MSK

Criteri di partecipazione

I ricercatori cercano persone che corrispondano a una certa descrizione, chiamata criteri di ammissibilità. Alcuni esempi di questi criteri sono le condizioni generali di salute di una persona o trattamenti precedenti.

Criteri di ammissibilità

Età idonea allo studio

  • Adulto
  • Adulto più anziano

Accetta volontari sani

No

Descrizione

Inclusion Criteria:

  • • 50-70 age(Bomasang-Layno et al., 2015)

    • Both genders (Bomasang-Layno et al., 2015)
    • Patient with grade 1,2,3 Parkinsonism (according to Hoehn and Yahr scale)
    • Patient taking fixed dose of medicines
    • No cognitive impairment (according to Mini-Mental scale 24-30 scoring) (Capecci et al., 2014)
    • The patient was able to get out of chairs and beds without assistance (Hoffmann et al., 2016).
    • Individuals without significant dyskinesias or "on-off" periods.(Lötzke et al., 2015)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • • Patient having any recent episode of epilepsy(Bomasang-Layno et al., 2015)

    • Patient has had any recent trauma. (Hong et al., 2009)
    • Individuals free from chronic diseases such as unstable cardiovascular disease that could compromise their safety during training or testing (Hoffmann et al., 2016).

Piano di studio

Questa sezione fornisce i dettagli del piano di studio, compreso il modo in cui lo studio è progettato e ciò che lo studio sta misurando.

Come è strutturato lo studio?

Dettagli di progettazione

  • Scopo principale: Trattamento
  • Assegnazione: Randomizzato
  • Modello interventistico: Assegnazione parallela
  • Mascheramento: Doppio

Armi e interventi

Gruppo di partecipanti / Arm
Intervento / Trattamento
Sperimentale: Trunk control exercise
The participants will complete balance exercises which targeted their feedforward along with feedback postural reflexes. The exercise program will include three different groups of tasks: self-destabilizing movements such as rolling on the toes and bouncing a ball while walking as well as external destabilization tasks like balancing on foam surfaces and therapist-performed perturbations and coordinated arm movements during walking. The patients will undergo ten specific movements per session and medical staff raised the exercise difficulty level as they made improvement. The principal investigator will provide verbal instruction together with physical help if required.
Altro: Trunk control exercise
The participants will complete balance exercises which targeted their feedforward along with feedback postural reflexes. The exercise program will include three different groups of tasks: self-destabilizing movements such as rolling on the toes and bouncing a ball while walking as well as external destabilization tasks like balancing on foam surfaces and therapist-performed perturbations and coordinated arm movements during walking. The patients will undergo ten specific movements per session and medical staff raised the exercise difficulty level as they made improvement. The principal investigator will provide verbal instruction together with physical help if required.
Altro: Mirror therapy
In this, each patient will be instructed to keep the affected limb in static position. The limb will be in the position of hip 90°, knee 90°, and ankle 90° for the short-sitting posture and in the position of hip 90°, knee 0°, and ankle neutral in the long-sitting posture. The position of the limb was ensured from time to time. The repetition will be modulated to complete the maximum time of each session. Weight bearing in standing (extended knee) 2-3 minutes, Weight bearing in standing on inclined wedge 2-3 minutes. Movements using associated reactions 10 repetitions, Knee flexion control in prone position 10 repetitions, Active-assistive movement using activities (medicinal ball, rocker board, pedocycle, jogger) for hip (flexion), knee (flexion-extension) and ankle (ankle dorsi flexion-plantar flexion) in sitting position 10 repetitions for each.
Sperimentale: Mirror therapy
In this, each patient will be instructed to keep the affected limb in static position. The limb will be in the position of hip 90°, knee 90°, and ankle 90° for the short-sitting posture and in the position of hip 90°, knee 0°, and ankle neutral in the long-sitting posture. The position of the limb was ensured from time to time. The repetition will be modulated to complete the maximum time of each session. Weight bearing in standing (extended knee) 2-3 minutes, Weight bearing in standing on inclined wedge 2-3 minutes. Movements using associated reactions 10 repetitions, Knee flexion control in prone position 10 repetitions, Active-assistive movement using activities (medicinal ball, rocker board, pedocycle, jogger) for hip (flexion), knee (flexion-extension) and ankle (ankle dorsi flexion-plantar flexion) in sitting position 10 repetitions for each.
Altro: Trunk control exercise
The participants will complete balance exercises which targeted their feedforward along with feedback postural reflexes. The exercise program will include three different groups of tasks: self-destabilizing movements such as rolling on the toes and bouncing a ball while walking as well as external destabilization tasks like balancing on foam surfaces and therapist-performed perturbations and coordinated arm movements during walking. The patients will undergo ten specific movements per session and medical staff raised the exercise difficulty level as they made improvement. The principal investigator will provide verbal instruction together with physical help if required.
Altro: Mirror therapy
In this, each patient will be instructed to keep the affected limb in static position. The limb will be in the position of hip 90°, knee 90°, and ankle 90° for the short-sitting posture and in the position of hip 90°, knee 0°, and ankle neutral in the long-sitting posture. The position of the limb was ensured from time to time. The repetition will be modulated to complete the maximum time of each session. Weight bearing in standing (extended knee) 2-3 minutes, Weight bearing in standing on inclined wedge 2-3 minutes. Movements using associated reactions 10 repetitions, Knee flexion control in prone position 10 repetitions, Active-assistive movement using activities (medicinal ball, rocker board, pedocycle, jogger) for hip (flexion), knee (flexion-extension) and ankle (ankle dorsi flexion-plantar flexion) in sitting position 10 repetitions for each.

Cosa sta misurando lo studio?

Misure di risultato primarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Berg Balance Scale:
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
Using a series of pre-established exercises, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) evaluates a patient's objective ability-or lack thereof-to maintain balance (Lima et al., 2018). The fourteen things on the list are assessed on a five-point ordinal scale, with 0 being the lowest degree of function and 4 the greatest level. Completing the list takes approximately twenty minutes. It excludes the gait analysis. (Louie & Eng, 2018).
12 weeks

Misure di risultato secondarie

Misura del risultato
Misura Descrizione
Lasso di tempo
Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-PG):
Lasso di tempo: 12 weeks
The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-PG) posture and gait sub-scores were used to assess postural stability and gait problems. It is divided into four pieces. Each part has many points: zero for normal or no problems, one for minor problems, two for moderate problems, three for major problems, and four for severe problems.(Shen & Mak, 2015).
12 weeks

Collaboratori e investigatori

Qui è dove troverai le persone e le organizzazioni coinvolte in questo studio.

Sponsor

University of Lahore

Investigatori

  • Investigatore principale: Nimra Nadeem, MS (NMPT), University of Lahore
  • Investigatore principale: Hafiza Sana Ashraf, MS-MSK, University of Lahore

Pubblicazioni e link utili

La persona responsabile dell'inserimento delle informazioni sullo studio fornisce volontariamente queste pubblicazioni. Questi possono riguardare qualsiasi cosa relativa allo studio.

Pubblicazioni generali

Studiare le date dei record

Queste date tengono traccia dell'avanzamento della registrazione dello studio e dell'invio dei risultati di sintesi a ClinicalTrials.gov. I record degli studi e i risultati riportati vengono esaminati dalla National Library of Medicine (NLM) per assicurarsi che soddisfino specifici standard di controllo della qualità prima di essere pubblicati sul sito Web pubblico.

Studia le date principali

Inizio studio (Effettivo)

22 dicembre 2024

Completamento primario (Stimato)

15 giugno 2026

Completamento dello studio (Stimato)

20 giugno 2026

Date di iscrizione allo studio

Primo inviato

8 settembre 2025

Primo inviato che soddisfa i criteri di controllo qualità

21 maggio 2026

Primo Inserito (Effettivo)

27 maggio 2026

Aggiornamenti dei record di studio

Ultimo aggiornamento pubblicato (Effettivo)

27 maggio 2026

Ultimo aggiornamento inviato che soddisfa i criteri QC

21 maggio 2026

Ultimo verificato

1 dicembre 2025

Maggiori informazioni

Termini relativi a questo studio

Termini MeSH pertinenti aggiuntivi

Altri numeri di identificazione dello studio

  • REC-UOL-/343/08/24

Piano per i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)

Hai intenzione di condividere i dati dei singoli partecipanti (IPD)?

NO

Informazioni su farmaci e dispositivi, documenti di studio

Studia un prodotto farmaceutico regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Studia un dispositivo regolamentato dalla FDA degli Stati Uniti

No

Queste informazioni sono state recuperate direttamente dal sito web clinicaltrials.gov senza alcuna modifica. In caso di richieste di modifica, rimozione o aggiornamento dei dettagli dello studio, contattare register@clinicaltrials.gov. Non appena verrà implementata una modifica su clinicaltrials.gov, questa verrà aggiornata automaticamente anche sul nostro sito web .

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