17OHP for Reduction of Neonatal Morbidity Due to Preterm Birth (PTB) in Twin and Triplet Pregnancies (170HP)

17-Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for Reduction of Neonatal Morbidity Due to Preterm Birth in Twin and Triplet Pregnancies - A Concurrent Randomized Double-blinded Clinical Trial

Hypothesis: Among women with twin or triplet pregnancies, weekly injections of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHP), started before 24 weeks of gestation, will reduce neonatal morbidity by reducing the rate of preterm delivery.

This study involves two concurrent double-blinded randomized clinical trials of 17OHP versus placebo. Each trial will test the efficacy and safety of 17OHP in women with a specific risk factor for preterm birth. The two risk factors to be studied are:

1. Twin pregnancy
2. Triplet pregnancy

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Preterm Birth
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate injectable; Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

Prematurity is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the USA. Nationally, 12% of all babies deliver before term and 3% deliver before 32 wks gestational age (GA). Recent studies suggest that 17OHP and other progesterone derivatives may reduce the rate of preterm birth among women with a history of prior preterm birth. However, it has not been demonstrated that this reduction in preterm birth is accompanied by a clinically significant reduction in neonatal complications. Further, most women who deliver preterm have no history of a prior preterm birth. Little is known about whether progesterone treatment is effective in women with other risk factors for preterm birth such as multiple gestation. The proposed study will assess the role of 17OHP in women with twin or triplet pregnancies and will assess the impact on neonatal health, not merely the impact on gestational age at delivery. Prior studies were not designed to be large enough to have statistical power to assess effects on neonatal morbidity.

In the 6 trials combined in the Goldstein meta-analysis, only 279 women were treated with 17OHP and only 73 women had a preterm delivery. The NICHD study presented by Meis approximately doubles the world-wide experience, with 306 women under treatment, of whom 73 delivered prior to 35 wks. Yet, this study was not designed to have power to show a reduction in neonatal complications but only a reduction in preterm birth rates.

The present study is the first to be specifically designed to have adequate power to test whether 17OHP reduces neonatal morbidity among women with one of two specific risk factors for preterm birth.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 321
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85006
      • Banner Good Samaritan Hospital
    • Tucson, Arizona, United States, 85712
      • Tucson Medical Center
  • California
    • Laguna Hills, California, United States, 92653
      • Saddleback Memorial Medical Center
    • Long Beach, California, United States, 90801-1428
      • Long Beach Memorial Medical Center
    • Orange, California, United States, 92868
      • University of Southern California-Irvine Medical Center
    • San Jose, California, United States, 95124
      • Good Samaritan Hospital
  • Colorado
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80220
      • Rose Medical Center
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80110
      • Swedish Medical Center
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80218
      • Presbyterian/St Luke's Hospital
    • Lonetree, Colorado, United States, 80124
      • Skyridge Medical Center
  • Iowa
    • Des Moines, Iowa, United States, 50314
      • Mercy Medical Center
  • Missouri
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64111
      • Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City
  • Tennessee
    • Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States, 37403
      • Erlanger Medical Center
  • Texas
    • Dallas, Texas, United States, 75246
      • Baylor University Medical Center
    • Fort Worth, Texas, United States, 76104
      • Harris Methodist Fort Worth Hospital
  • Washington
    • Kirkland, Washington, United States, 98034
      • Evergreen Hospital
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98122-4307
      • Swedish Medical Center
    • Tacoma, Washington, United States, 98405
      • Tacoma General Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Gestational age (GA) 15-23w0d gestational age at the time of recruitment
2. GA 16w0dk to 23w6d at the time of randomization and initiation of injections
3. Maternal age 18 years or older

4. One of these risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth:

   1. Twins in current pregnancy, dichorionic placentation
   2. Triplets in current pregnancy, trichorionic placentation
5. Intact membranes
6. Patient has had at least one detailed 2nd-trimester ultrasound examination documenting placentation, chorionicity, fetal number, fetal size, amniotic fluid volumes, and fetal anatomy. (This examination must comply with minimum standards such as those published by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American College of Radiology, or American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists It is NOT mandatory that this examination be performed at the research-study center.)
7. Investigator believes patient will be reliable with follow-up visits and believes that delivery data and neonatal data are likely to be available.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Symptomatic uterine contractions in current pregnancy
2. Contraindication to interventions intended to prolong the pregnancy (including lethal fetal anomalies, amnionitis, preeclampsia, severe oligohydramnios, severe growth delay, fetal death appears imminent or inevitable)
3. Risk factors for major neonatal morbidity unrelated to preterm delivery (such as monochorionic placentation in multiple gestation, major malformations, certain medication exposures)
4. Preexisting maternal medical condition that might be worsened by progesterone therapy, including: asthma requiring medications, renal insufficiency, seizure disorder, ischemic heart disease, active cholecystitis, impaired liver function, history of thromboembolic disorder, history of breast cancer, history of major depression requiring hospitalization.
5. Preexisting maternal medical condition associated with a high risk of preterm delivery including: refractory hypertension, diabetes with nephropathy or retinopathy, renal insufficiency, active systemic lupus erythematosus. Note that a history of prior preterm birth is NOT an exclusion.
6. Use of progesterone or progesterone-derivative medication after 15 weeks gestation in current pregnancy.
7. Allergy to 17OHP or oil vehicle.
8. Placement of emergent cerclage (defined as one placed after the occurrence of cervical change such as dilation, funneling, or effacement) with this pregnancy. Prophylactic cerclage is NOT an exclusion (defined as one placed before any cervical change, for example, because of a history of cervical incompetence, or because of a prior cervical procedure such as LEEP or cone biopsy).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: 1 Test Group (170HP); Test Group will receive weekly doses of 170HP via injection as early as 19weeks until 34.0weeks gestation or delivery which ever comes first.	Drug: 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate injectable; 250mg of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (+ preservatives) injectable weekly starting as early as 19wks gestation until 34.0wks gestation of delivery which ever comes first.; Other Names: 170HP
Placebo Comparator: 2 - Control (Normal Saline); Control Group will receive weekly doses of placebo (NS) via injection as early as 19weeks until 34.0weeks gestation or delivery which ever comes first.	Drug: Placebo; Weekly doses of placebo (NS + preservatives) via injection as early as 19weeks until 34.0weeks gestation or delivery which ever comes first.; Other Names: Normal Saline

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Newborn Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)	Newborn RDS in the twin arm is defined as compatible symptoms with radiographically confirmed hyaline membrane disease or with respiratory insufficiency of prematurity requiring ventilator support. Data expressed as mean n(%),Odds ratio, CI, and P-value were determined using repeated measures model wherein each twin/triplet within a given pregnancy is considered a repeated measure. Exceptions are comparison with 0 outcomes in one or both groups, so Fisher's Exact Test was used. Morbidity measures were based on live births with data available for the outcomes.	Measured from delivery until 30 days after baby was discharged from the hospital
Use of Oxygen Therapy at 28 Days of Newborn Life	Supplemental oxygen use by the baby measured at the point that the baby reaches 28 days old (after birth)within the twin group.	Measured at 28 days after birth.
Newborn Sepsis	Newborn Sepsis in the twin group was defined as the presence of positive blood culture obtained in the first week of life in association with clinical findings suggesting illness for which the neonate received antibiotics.	measured during the first week following birth
Newborn Pneumonia	Newborn Pneumonia in the twin group is described as compatible symptoms with diagnostic radiograph findings and positive results on blood cultures, persistent leukopenia	measure during the first 28 days after birth.
Newborn Intraventricular Hemorrhage Grade 3 or 4	Newborn Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) Stage III in the twin group is described as - IVH with ventricular dilatation. Neonatal Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)Stage IV in the twin group is described as - IVH with parenchymal extension.	measured during the first 28 days after birth
Newborn Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)	Newborn Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in the twin group is described as the presence of more than 1 obvious hypo echoic cyst in the periventricular white matter.	measured in the first 28 days after birth.
Newborn Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)Requiring Surgery	Newborn NEC in the twin group is described as the presence of any of the following: (1)unequivocal intramural air in abdominal radiograph; (2) perforation abdominal radiograph; (3) clinical evidence of perforation (erythema and induration of the abdominal wall or intrabdominal abscess formation); (4) characteristic findings observed at surgery or autopsy; (5) Stricture formation after an episode of suspected necrotizing enterocolitis.	measured in the first 28 days after birth
Newborn Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)	Newborn ROP within the twin group is described as retinopathy confirmed on fundoscopic examination, felt to be due to prematurity and subsequent oxygen therapy.	measured during the first 28 day after birth
Newborn Asphyxia With Ischemic Injury of Brain, Heart, Kidneys, or Liver	Newborn Asphyxia or Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HEI) within the twin group is characterized by clinical and laboratory evidence of acute or subacute brain injury due to asphyxia (ie, hypoxia, acidosis).	measured during the first 28 days after delivery
Perinatal Death	Perinatal death within the twin group is described as a stillbirth, neonatal death, or miscarriage after randomization.	measured from randomization to 28 days after birth.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Individual Components of Neonatal Morbidity (RDS, IVH-III/IV, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia(BPD), PVL, Sepsis, NEC, ROP-Stage 3/4, Perinatal Death)	Composite Neonatal Morbidity within the twin group is described as the presence of any one or more of the following neonatal morbidities (RDS, IVH-III/IV, BPD, PVL, sepsis, NEC, ROP-Stage 3/4, Perinatal Death).	measured as any event noted in the first 28 day following birth.
Twins: Delivery Prior to 28 Weeks (Wks), 32 Wks, 34wks, and 37 Wks	Gestational age was noted at time of delivery and stratified into three categories (Twins: Delivery prior to 28 weeks (wks), 32 wks, 34 wks, and 37 wks)	Gestational age noted at time of birth
Triplets: Delivery Prior to 28 Wks, 32 Wks, 35 Wks	Gestational age was noted at time of delivery and stratified into three categories (Triplets: Delivery prior to 28 wks, 32 wks, 35 wks)	noted at delivery
Newborn Gestational Age (GA) at Delivery	Newborn Gestational age at delivery within the twin group is described as the gestational age of the baby on the day of birth.	determined at the time of birth
Newborn Birthweight	Newborn Birthweight within the twins group was measure following delivery and noted in grams.	measure following delivery
Participant Drop-out Rates	Drop-out rates in the twin group are described as any randomized participant who is withdrawn from the trial between randomization (as early at 16 weeks of pregnancy) and completion of the final dose of study medication (as late as 34 weeks of pregnancy).	any time from randomization to completion of final dose of study medication
Participant Side Effects Requiring Cessation of Therapy	Describe as the cessation of study related therapy for the participant within the twin group at anytime from initial study related injection until the final injection at 34 weeks of pregnancy.	anytime from initial injection to final injection at 34 weeks.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Obstetrix Medical Group
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Andrew Combs, MD, Obstetrix Medical Group, Inc.

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, Dombrowski MP, Sibai B, Moawad AH, Spong CY, Hauth JC, Miodovnik M, Varner MW, Leveno KJ, Caritis SN, Iams JD, Wapner RJ, Conway D, O'Sullivan MJ, Carpenter M, Mercer B, Ramin SM, Thorp JM, Peaceman AM, Gabbe S; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 12;348(24):2379-85. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa035140. Erratum In: N Engl J Med. 2003 Sep 25;349(13):1299.
• da Fonseca EB, Bittar RE, Carvalho MH, Zugaib M. Prophylactic administration of progesterone by vaginal suppository to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women at increased risk: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003 Feb;188(2):419-24. doi: 10.1067/mob.2003.41.
• Goldstein P, Berrier J, Rosen S, Sacks HS, Chalmers TC. A meta-analysis of randomized control trials of progestational agents in pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1989 Mar;96(3):265-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1989.tb02385.x.
• American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists. Special problems of multiple gestation. Educational Bulletin 253, 1998.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: November 1, 2004
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2009
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2009

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 9, 2005
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 9, 2005
• First Posted (Estimate): September 13, 2005

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): April 11, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 11, 2016
• Last Verified: March 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Progesterone; Preterm Birth; Preterm Delivery; Multiple gestation; 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pregnancy Complications; Obstetric Labor Complications; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Premature Birth; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Hormone Antagonists; Estrogen Antagonists; Progestins; 17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate; 11-hydroxyprogesterone
• Other Study ID Numbers: OBX0003; OBX 0012 (Other Identifier: Obstetrix CREQ Protocol Number)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided