Vitamin D for Painful Nocturnal Leg Cramps

Nocturnal Leg Cramps in the Elderly: Randomized Controlled Trial of Ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2) for a Painful and Distressing Problem

1. Research question: Does vitamin D reduce the frequency and severity of nocturnal leg cramps in older persons who previously took quinine for leg cramps?
2. Experimental Design: This is a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study of 70 men and women veterans receiving care at the Madison VA Medical Center(VAMC) or at the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics (UWHC). Individuals age 50 or more who have previously taken quinine for nocturnal leg cramps and meeting baseline criteria are eligible to enroll. Enrollees meeting laboratory criteria, including low-normal vitamin D levels, will undergo a 2-week "diary run-in" period to confirm cramp frequency. Those who report two or more leg cramps in each week will continue in the study and will be randomized to vitamin D or placebo. After a two-week wash-in, subjects will take a vitamin D capsule (50,000 units) once daily for 10 days, followed by a once weekly vitamin D (50,000 units) maintenance dose for 7 weeks. Subjects will record by diary the number and severity of leg cramps from the start of the "diary run-in" until a week after the last dose of study drug. Study investigators will call subjects at scheduled intervals to assess compliance, tolerability, and diary use.
3. Major risks to subjects: No major risks are anticipated. Excessive vitamin D can increase blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), with symptoms such as thirst, nausea, and weakness. However, symptomatic hypercalcemia has not been reported except for those taking more than 40,000 units daily for several months. This is far above the cumulative dose in our study.
4. Potential benefits: Subjects may not receive any benefit. Vitamin D may alleviate leg cramps for subjects who receive it.
5. Consent Procedure: Flyers describing the study and telephone contact information will be mailed to patients who have received quinine during the period 2002-2007. The PI or Co-PI will return calls to describe the study and answer any questions. For persons meeting preliminary (pre-lab) study criteria, two copies of the consent form will be mailed, with the patient mailing back one signed consent to the PI.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Leg Cramps, Nocturnal
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: vitamin d; Drug: placebo

Detailed Description

This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine if oral vitamin D administration reduces the number or severity of nocturnal leg cramps, compared to placebo. Symptom diaries will be used throughout the study to assess frequency and severity of cramps. We will enroll a total of 70 men and women at least 50 years of age who have nocturnal leg cramps at least twice weekly and have previously received quinine for this. Those meeting baseline laboratory criteria and who report at least two leg cramps per week in a two-week "diary run-in" period will be randomized to vitamin D or placebo. Baseline, mid-study, and final laboratory testing will assess any changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D(OHD) and related variables (25-hydroxyvitamin D is the best measure of vitamin D status.) The time from the beginning of the diary run-in through the final dose of drug and last labs,will be about 14 weeks.

Optimal vitamin D status for health is unknown, although many experts aim for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D of 35-40 ng/ml. Subjects in this study randomized to vitamin D will take a vitamin D capsule (50,000 units) once daily for 10 days, followed by a once weekly vitamin D (50,000 units) maintenance dose for 7 weeks. Based on published literature on the ability of vitamin D to raise serum 25-OHD over time, we estimate that the loading doses will "boost" levels after 10 days by an increment of ~40ng/ml (up to ~65 ng/mL total, starting with a typical person's baseline of 25ng/ml). This achieved level of 65 is within the reference range of our VA's reference range of 20-100. (In the PI's experience, most veterans without special D supplementation have baseline levels between 15 and 40).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 29
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Wisconsin
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53705
      • University of Wisconsin

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• One or more prescription for quinine at the Madison VA in the last 5 years, or else be a UWHC (U Wisconsin Health Clinics) patient whose UWHC medication list had quinine listed in the last five years
• At least 50 years of age, with women being past menopause. This is defined as the woman reporting no periods in the last 12 consecutive months or longer.
• Leg cramps listed in medical record,
• Ability & willingness to give informed consent,
• Stable estimated Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)>35 ml/min for the prior 6 mos,
• No change in diuretic therapy in last 3 months,
• Stable pattern of two or more cramps per week for past three months,
• Ability to complete daily diary entry,
• Post-consent: serum 25-OH of 20-45 ng/mL, albumin- corrected calcium <10.3 mg/dL, and urine calcium/creatinine ratio <0.25.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not receiving primary care at Madison VAMC, or at UWHC
• Hyperparathyroidism (1°, 2°, or 3°),
• Osteomalacia ,
• Paget's disease,
• Metastatic cancer,
• Taking vitamin D 50,000 units capsules,
• Serum Ca++ >10.3 mg/dL in subject chart,
• Sarcoidosis or tuberculosis, and
• Peripheral vascular disease or other condition confounding assessment of cramps.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: vitamin D 50,000 U/d x 10d, + vitamin D 50,000 U weekly 7 wks; Vitamin D arm	Drug: vitamin d; After a two-week wash-in, subjects will take a vitamin D capsule (50,000 units) once daily for 10 days, followed by a once weekly vitamin D (50,000 units) maintenance dose for 7 weeks.; Other Names: ergocalciferol
Placebo Comparator: placebo x 10d, + placebo weekly 7 wks; placebo	Drug: placebo; After a two-week wash-in, subjects will take a placebo capsule once daily for 10 days, followed by a once weekly maintenance dose for 7 weeks.; Other Names: lactose

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in the Nocturnal Leg Cramp Rate	Difference in number of leg cramps per day during treatment period compared to baseline period. Participants will undergo a 2-week "diary run-in" period to confirm cramp frequency. After a 2 week wash-in, subjects will take a vitamin D capsule (50,000 units) once daily for 10 days, followed by a once weekly vitamin D (50,000 units) maintenance dose for 7 weeks. Subjects will record by diary the number and severity of leg cramps from the start of the "diary run-in" until 1 week after the last dose of study drug/placebo.	baseline and 77 day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Serum Calcium Level	Serum calcium was measured to detect any possible correlation between high dose of Vitamin D and hypercalcemia. Hypercalcemia is defined as a serum calcium level greater than 10.5 mg/dL.	Day 77

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Wisconsin, Madison
• Collaborators: Mayday Fund
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Mary E Elliott, PhD, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: August 1, 2007
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 10, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 14, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): July 15, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 17, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 26, 2019
• Last Verified: August 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: vitamin D deficiency; Leg cramps
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Sleep Wake Disorders; Neurologic Manifestations; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Neuromuscular Manifestations; Parasomnias; Spasm; Muscle Cramp; Sleep-Wake Transition Disorders; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents; Vitamin D; Ergocalciferols
• Other Study ID Numbers: H-2007-0255

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No