Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Early Stage Breast Cancer (IORT)

Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT) for the Management of Carcinoma of the Breast: Use of Mammography, Ultrasonography,and Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CE-MRI) to Identify Candidates for IORT

Up to 200 patients with biopsy proven early stage breast cancer selecting Wide Local Excision (WLE) will undergo mammography, ultrasound (of affected breast and ipsilateral axilla) and contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) of the affected breast to evaluate the extent of disease.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Breast Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Intraoperative Radiotherapy

Detailed Description

Patients will be deemed eligible for immediate IORT if the invasive cancer lesion is estimated to measure ≤ 3.0 centimeters maximum dimension by mammogram, ultrasound, and CE-MRI and is thought to be resectable with WLE and clear surgical margins, with clinically staged N0M0 disease, minimum age of 48, and histology of invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma of the breast. The lesion size determined by imaging will be compared with lesion size and surgical margin status obtained from the surgical pathology specimen to evaluate the ability of mammography combined with ultrasound and CE-MRI to identify suitable candidates for immediate IORT.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 200
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Newport Beach, California, United States, 92658
      • Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian - Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 48 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Informed Consent. Each eligible patient must willingly give written consent after being informed of the procedures to be followed, the experimental nature of the therapy, alternatives, potential benefits, side effects, risks, and discomforts.
2. Histology. Patients must have biopsy-proven invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma of the breast.
3. Female, age ≥ 48 years.
4. Clinically and/or histologically negative axillary lymph nodes.
5. No imaging or clinical findings that indicate metastatic disease.
6. Procedure deemed appropriate based upon factors such as breast size by the treating surgeon and radiation oncologist.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Male sex
2. Age < 48
3. Non-epithelial breast malignancies such as sarcoma, lymphoma, or metastatic breast cancer
4. Pregnancy or lactation
5. Serious psychiatric or addictive disorders
6. More than one obvious cancer in the same breast as diagnosed by clinical examination, mammography, ultrasonography, and/or CE-MRI.
7. Bilateral breast cancer at the time of diagnosis, unless agreed upon by the surgeon and radiation oncologist.
8. Ipsilateral breast with a previous cancer and/or irradiation.
9. Extensive Intraductal Component (DCIS ≥ 25% of the tumor).
10. Patients presenting with gross nodal disease considered to be clinically malignant by scanning or proven cytologically or by sentinel node biopsy will be cancelled.
11. Previous history of malignant disease does not preclude entry if the expectation of relapse-free survival at 10 years is 90% or greater.
12. Lymphovascular invasion on needle biopsy.
13. Patients undergoing primary medical treatment (hormones or chemotherapy) as initial treatment with intent to reduce tumor size.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Other: IORT; Treated with Intraoperative Radiation Therapy

Device: Intraoperative Radiotherapy; The Axxent eBx™ System utilizes a miniaturized high dose rate (HDR) X-ray source to apply radiation directly to the cancerous tumor bed and provides brachytherapy when the physician chooses to deliver intracavitary or interstitial radiation to the surgical margins following lumpectomy for breast cancer.; Other Names: 510(k) Number K050843; Axxent™ Electronic Brachytherapy System

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion of Participants Receiving Additional Surgery Because of Positive or Close Margins as a Measure of the Accuracy of Pre-Operative Assessment	Invasive cancer margins <1 mm and/or non-invasive cancer margins < 2 mm are considered close or positive. Approximately 15% of patients treated with IORT have close or positive margins on pathologic assessment following IORT therapy and are recommended for additional therapy including re-excision, whole breast radiation or both.	10 years

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Proportion of Participants Recommended to Have Additional Whole Breast Radiation Therapy (WBRT) Because of High Risk Features Found on Final Pathology as a Measure of the Accuracy of Pre-Operative Assessment	Patients treated with IORT that have high risk features on final pathologic exam, including close/positive margins, tumor size >30 mm, positive lymph nodes and lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) are recommended for additional therapy including re-excision, whole breast radiation or both.	5 years
Proportion of Participants with Tumor Size Larger than the Entry Criteria Size and/or Positive Lymph Nodes as a Measure of the Accuracy of Pre-Operative Assessment	Both tumor size and lymph node status are estimated prior to surgery using mammography, ultrasound and MRI (unless excluded for medical reasons). Patients with estimated tumor spans > 30 mm or positive lymph nodes are excluded from IORT.	5 years
Proportion of Participants with Serious Adverse Events and/or Complications as a Measure of the Safety of the Treatment Algorithm	We will be monitoring acute side effects attributed directly to IORT. These includ erythemia, hyperpigmentation, fibrosis, seromas, infection and wound breakdown.	5 years
Cosmesis Scores by Physician and Self-Assessment	The first 213 IORT patients treated will be asked to fill out a yearly cosmesis assessment. Patients filled out these assessments for an average of 2-3 years.	5 years
Progression Free Survival in the First Five Years	We will follow progression free survival for 5 years	5 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Peter V Chen, MD, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): December 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 21, 2010
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 25, 2010
• First Posted (Estimated): August 27, 2010

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 15, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 9, 2024
• Last Verified: October 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: breast; IORT; electronic brachytherapy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Breast Diseases; Breast Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: IORT (Other Identifier: Atrium Health Navicent)