- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT03079570
Flicker Fusion Thresholds Between Young and Old Subjects at Various Luminance Levels
A Pilot Study Examining Differences in Critical Flicker Fusion Thresholds Between Young and Old Subjects With Normal Ocular Health at Photopic, Mesopic, and Scotopic Luminance Levels
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Detailed Description
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic, progressive eye disease. AMD is one of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness among elderly populations in economically developed countries . Due to the aging of the population, the incidence and prevalence of AMD is likely to increase substantially over the next decade, potentially posing a significant impact on society.
AMD is a complex and progressive degenerative disease, with both genetic and environmental risk factors. AMD affects the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane, and choroid. The retina is among the most metabolically active tissues in the body, in part due to rods, which frequently discard their outer segments tips, and the RPE, which phagocytoses the discarded tips . The retina's metabolism causes accumulation of toxic by-product by the following: 1. Energy metabolism (oxidative stress); 2. Visual cycle modulator (lipofuscin); 3. Local inflammation (complement activation). The local inflammation, and the accumulation of lipofuscin material within the RPE, may lead to drusen formation, RPE dysfunction, and degeneration of macular rods and cones, finally leading to the irreversible loss of vision.
AMD occurs in two forms - a non-exudative "dry" form and an exudative "wet" form. Non-exudative AMD accounts for 80-90% of AMD cases and it involves a diverse phenotype that may include drusen and/or RPE pigmentation abnormalities. Advanced non-exudative AMD is characterized by geographic atrophy, which is characterized by the presence of an expanding region of irreversible RPE and photoreceptor loss in the macula.
At the present time, there are no approved treatments for non-exudative AMD. The clinical development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of non-exudative AMD is limited by slow disease progression, unsuitability of commonly used efficacy endpoints such as visual acuity, and difficulty in identifying those subjects with early stages of disease most likely to progress. Visual function testing may prove to be useful tools in detecting the early non-exudative AMD.
In early age-related macular degeneration, outer retinal metabolism is known to be compromised. The detection of a flickering stimulus imposes a higher metabolic requirement than does a static stimulus , . Inability to detect a flickering stimuli may identify earlier stages of disease than the inability to detect static stimuli. Early work by Mayer, et.al. has shown that AMD subjects experience functional deficits in the mid range of visual phenomenon most notably at 10HZ and 14Hz. Phipps, et.al. found early AMD subjects to have larger deficits for flickering than static stimuli . Later work has shown that a flicker test based on mid-range frequencies has been shown to have effective diagnostic and reproducibility characteristics relative to other functional tests . In addition to the diagnostic potential of flicker stimuli, this test has been shown to be predictive of AMD progression and correlated to AMD severity . Therefore, a flicker test may prove useful in identifying early dysfunction in macular performance and for assessment treatment in future interventional clinical trials.
Critical Flicker Fusion (CFF) is a type of flicker test that involves increasing the frequency of a flashing stimulus until that stimulus appears static to an observer. The frequency at which critical flicker fusion occurs is recorded as a patient specific endpoint of visual function. In this study, we will investigate CFF across a wide range of luminance levels, from photopic to scotopic ranges, in young and old subjects with normal ocular health. The impact of age on CFF threshold will be the focus of this study, with the primary objective being to highlight luminance levels where maximum differences between young and old subjects occur.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
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Massachusetts
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Andover, Massachusetts, United States, 01810
- Andover Eye Associates
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Sampling Method
Study Population
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Provide written and informed consent;
- Be willing and able to follow all instructions and attend the study visit;
- Must be able to successfully complete all study procedures;
- If female and of childbearing potential, not be pregnant, nursing, or planning a pregnancy and be willing to submit a pregnancy test at Visit 1 (and exit visit as applicable) and utilize an acceptable form of birth control for the duration of the study;
- Be 18 years of age or older
- Have best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) of better or equal to 20/30 in at least one eye at Visit 1;
- Have best-corrected near visual acuity of better or equal to 20/30 in at least one eye at Visit 1;
- Have visited an ophthalmologist for an eye exam within 1 year of Visit 1;
Exclusion Criteria:
- Have a history of age-related macular degeneration (exudative and non-exudative), diabetic retinopathy, retinal detachment, or any chronic retinopathy or retinal degenerative disease;
- Have had prior retinal vein or artery occlusion, history of macular edema, or optic neuropathy;
- Have a history of glaucoma or ocular hypertension
- Have visually significant cataracts at Visit 1;
- Have a history of ocular trauma;
- Have a history of photophobia reported at Visit 1;
- Report ocular discomfort of 2 or greater in either eye at Visit 1, or report any other ocular symptomatology that could in the opinion of the investigator interfere with study procedures;
- Have active signs or symptoms of conjunctivitis, uveitis, in either eye at the baseline examination of Visit 1;
- Be currently enrolled in an investigational drug or device study or have used an investigational drug or device within 7 days of entry into this study;
- Have used contact lenses 24 hours prior to the start of the study or be unwilling to discontinue wearing for the duration of the study;
- Have a history of uncontrolled systemic disease (e.g. poorly controlled hypertension or poorly controlled diabetes, a history of status asthmaticus, organ transplant) at Visit 1;
- Have a history of seizures;
- Be currently taking procyclidine, alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan), Adderall, or any psychotropic medications;
- Be a woman who is pregnant or nursing an infant
- Have a condition or be in a situation that the investigator feels may put the subject at significant risk, confound the study results, or interfere significantly with the subject's participation in the study;
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
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Mean Critical Flicker Fusion Scores
Time Frame: At each luminance level (about 5 minutes between each)
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Critical flicker fusion threshold (Hz) will be measured at each designated luminance level
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At each luminance level (about 5 minutes between each)
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Percentage Difference Between Population
Time Frame: At each luminance level (about 5 minutes between each)
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Critical flicker fusion scores between populations will be compared at luminance levels
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At each luminance level (about 5 minutes between each)
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Percent Change
Time Frame: At each luminance level (about 5 minutes between each)
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Mean percent change of critical flicker fusion scores between luminance levels
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At each luminance level (about 5 minutes between each)
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Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Jason R Chin, OD, Practicing Physician
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (ACTUAL)
Primary Completion (ACTUAL)
Study Completion (ACTUAL)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (ACTUAL)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 16-270-0007
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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